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Epigenetic and Cancer: An Evaluation of the Impact of Dietary Components

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Epigenetic Advancements in Cancer

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Abstract

Epigenetics is an area of research that has recently gained much attention from scientists. Epigenetic processes can induce changes within an organism without altering its genetic makeup. More interestingly, epigenetic mechanisms have the strong ability to modulate gene expression without directly altering the sequences of DNA bases. Dietary compounds consist of several bioactive constituents, which actively regulate different molecular targets involved in tumorigenesis. Keeping these facts in view, we provide evidence that these dietary components (e.g. resveratrol (RES), curcumin, genistein, polyphenols and sulforaphane) might interact with various epigenetic targets in cancer therapeutics. These bioactive compounds can modulate normal DNA methylation and histone acetylation patterns, which are essential for the activation of cancer fighting genes. Compounds, such as the ones listed above, induce epigenetic changes associated with the expression of tumor suppressor genes, such as p53, and inhibition of tumor promoting genes such as telomerase reverse transcriptase during tumor progression. Therefore, in this chapter, we present considerable evidence that bioactive compounds and their epigenetic targets are linked with cancer therapeutics, which may open the door to novel drug discovery and development. Remarkable improvements in our understanding of basic epigenetic mechanisms coupled with the rapid progress in the development of powerful new technologies hold great promise for the advancement of cancer treatment.

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Acknowledgements

M.K.M. has been supported by National Institutes of Health grant P20CA192976, US Department of Defense grant W911NF-12-1-0073 and W911NF-14-1-0064, and National Science Foundation grant 1154214.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cancer Biology Research and Training Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 915 S. Jackson Street, Montgomery, AL, 36104, USA

    James A. Stokes III, Sanjay Kumar, Karyn Scissum-Gunn & Manoj K. Mishra

  2. Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA

    Udai P. Singh

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  1. James A. Stokes III
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  2. Sanjay Kumar
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  3. Karyn Scissum-Gunn
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  4. Udai P. Singh
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  5. Manoj K. Mishra
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Correspondence to Manoj K. Mishra .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, Alabama, USA

    Manoj K. Mishra

  2. School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA

    Kumar S. Bishnupuri

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Stokes, J.A., Kumar, S., Scissum-Gunn, K., Singh, U.P., Mishra, M.K. (2016). Epigenetic and Cancer: An Evaluation of the Impact of Dietary Components. In: Mishra, M., Bishnupuri, K. (eds) Epigenetic Advancements in Cancer. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24951-3_3

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