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Skeletal Stem Cell Niche of the Bone Marrow

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Tissue-Specific Stem Cell Niche

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

Abstract

Mammalian bone marrow is a complex organ responsible for a variety of critical homeostatic functions, including haematopoiesis. To achieve these functions, it has evolved to provide an environment for the habitation of stem cells—the bone marrow ‘stem cell niche’. In addition to haematopoetic stem cells, which are responsible for generating all cell lineages of the mammalian blood, recent evidence suggests that this same niche may provide an environment for the putative skeletal stem cell, responsible for forming the connective tissues of the skeleton—bone, cartilage and fat. In this chapter, we review recent research on the importance of skeletal stem cells and bone marrow stromal cells and their spatial localisation within the bone marrow. We discuss their role in providing a supportive microenvironment for the maintenance of haematopoetic stem cells, and some of their key molecular interactions via cell surface ligands, secreted growth factors, extracellular matrix and other physiocochemical means. We also discuss some of the pathologies that might arise from dysregulation of the niche, particularly with regard to ageing. Finally, we review recent attempts to recreate the bone marrow microenvironment in vitro.

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Abbreviations

2D:

Two-dimensional

3D:

Three-dimensional

Ang:

Angiopoietin

BMP:

Bone morphogenetic protein

BMSC:

Bone marrow stromal cell

CAR:

CXCL12-abundant reticular cells

Cdh2:

N-cadherin (neural)

CFU-Fs:

Colony-forming units-fibroblastic

CFU-Ss:

Colony-forming units-spleen cells

Col/HA:

Collagen/hydroxyapatite

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

EPC:

Endothelial progenitor cell

ESCs:

Embryonic stem cells

G-CSF:

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

GelMA:

Gelatin methacrylate

HSC:

Haematopoietic stem cell

HUVECs:

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells

ICC:

Inverted colloidal crystal

Lepr:

Leptin receptor

MK:

Megakaryocyte

MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cell

NG:

Neural/glial antigen

OPN:

Osteopontin

OSX:

Osterix

PCL:

Polycaprolactone,

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PEGDA:

Polyethylene glycol diacrylate

PLGA:

Polylactic-co-glycolic acid

PTH:

Parathyroid hormone

PTHr:

Parathyroid hormone receptor

RUNX2:

Runt-related transcription factor 2

SCF:

Stem cell factor

SDF:

Stem cell-derived factor

SSC:

Skeletal stem cell

VCAM:

Vascular cell adhesion molecule

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  1. Faculty of Medicine, Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK

    Agnieszka A. Janeczek, Edoardo Scarpa, Tracey A. Newman, Richard O. C. Oreffo, Rahul S. Tare & Nicholas D. Evans

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Janeczek, A.A., Scarpa, E., A. Newman, T., Oreffo, R.O.C., S. Tare, R., Evans, N.D. (2015). Skeletal Stem Cell Niche of the Bone Marrow. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Tissue-Specific Stem Cell Niche. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21705-5_11

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