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Epidemiology of HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer

Abstract

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) arises from squamous epithelial cells that line mucosal surfaces in the oropharynx. This region includes the middle segment of the pharynx, that is, the base of the tongue, soft palate, tonsils, and side and back walls of the throat. The majority of OPSCC cases (~62 %) in the United States are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), which is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. HPV not only causes OPSCC, but cervical, vaginal, vulvar, anal, penile, and laryngeal cancers, genital warts, and respiratory papillomas. There is no cure for HPV, although prophylactic vaccination is available, safe, and highly effective if the three injection series is completed prior to infection. As a result of widespread vaccination of both males and females, the frequency of HPV-induced tumors is expected to decrease significantly. However, in the United States, HPV vaccination is not widespread; only ~57 % of girls ages 13–17 and ~35 % of teen boys have been vaccinated with at least one injection. In developing countries, such as Rwanda with government-implemented, school-based HPV vaccination, three-dose vaccination completion rates exceed 90 %. This chapter reviews the biology, prevalence, and transmission of HPV infection, the incidence, risk factors for and features of HPV-associated OPSCC, and strategies for preventing HPV infection and HPV-associated cancers.

This chapter is dedicated with gratitude to Prof Dr. Harald zur Hausen and Dr. Ethel-Michele de Villiers for hosting the author for 3 months to examine HPV in oropharyngeal cancer in their laboratory at the German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ) in Heidelberg, Germany.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 130 DeSoto Street, A300 Crabtree Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA

    Susanne M. Gollin

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  1. Susanne M. Gollin
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Correspondence to Susanne M. Gollin .

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  1. School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

    Daniel L. Miller

  2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, USA

    M. Sharon Stack

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Gollin, S.M. (2015). Epidemiology of HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. In: Miller, D., Stack, M. (eds) Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21100-8_1

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