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OCT and Early MS: Clinically Isolated Syndromes (CIS)

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Optical Coherence Tomography in Multiple Sclerosis

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Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system (CNS) believed to arise from a dysfunctional immune-mediated response in a genetically susceptible host. The actual cause of MS is not known, and there is ongoing debate about whether this CNS disorder is predominantly an inflammatory versus a degenerative condition. The afferent visual pathway (AVP) is frequently involved in MS, such that 1 in every 5 affected individuals presents with acute optic neuritis (ON) as their first demyelinating event. Moreover, ON is the best-characterized clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), which may herald a predilection for developing future MS. As a functionally eloquent system, the AVP is amenable to interrogation with highly reliable and reproducible tests that can be used to define a structural–functional paradigm of CNS injury. The AVP has numerous unique advantages as a clinical model of MS, through which we can elucidate mechanisms of brain injury and repair. In this chapter, the role of optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a structural marker of neuroaxonal integrity in the AVP model will be presented. A review of the published literature on the role of OCT in capturing manifestations of axonal injury and neuronal damage will be outlined, with particular emphasis on early MS and clinically isolated syndromes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (Ophthalmology), University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Fiona Costello MD, FRCP

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  1. Fiona Costello MD, FRCP
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Correspondence to Fiona Costello MD, FRCP .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroimmunology, VU Medical Center, Expertise Center Neuro-ophthalmology, Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Moorfields Eye Hospital, Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, London, UK, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom

    Axel Petzold

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Costello, F. (2016). OCT and Early MS: Clinically Isolated Syndromes (CIS). In: Petzold, A. (eds) Optical Coherence Tomography in Multiple Sclerosis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20970-8_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20970-8_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-20969-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-20970-8

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