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The Social Dimension: Inequality and Redistributive Policies. Ideas for Reform

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Chile in Transition

Abstract

This chapter, the social dimension, provides an analysis of Chile’s social situation at the beginning of the office of Bachelet II, including inequality, redistributive policies, social and class struggles, and ideas for reform. Chile features the highest level of inequality of all 34 OECD member states and thus faces the question of how to mitigate social rifts to avoid the widening of the gap between those sections of the population who have access to tools and public life and are able to participate, and those who aren’t.

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Notes

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    Ibid.

  6. 6.

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    Ibid.

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    Ibid., p. 10.

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    H. J. Burchardt and N. Weinmann: Social Inequality and Social Policy outside the OECD, loc cit.

  17. 17.

    Ibid., p. 9.

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    Ibid., p. 16.

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    Ibid, p. 15.

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    Cooperación Latinobarómetro: Informe Latinobarómetro 2013, loc cit., p. 4.

  23. 23.

    Ibid., p. 70.

  24. 24.

    Ibid., p. 70. Translation from Spanish by the authors.

  25. 25.

    Ibid., pp. 71ff.

  26. 26.

    Ibid., p. 72. Translation from Spanish by the authors.

  27. 27.

    Cooperación Latinobarómetro: Informe Latinobarómetro 2013, loc cit., p. 57.

  28. 28.

    Ibid,. p. 57.

  29. 29.

    Ibid., p. 57.

  30. 30.

    Ibid., p. 57.

  31. 31.

    Ibid., p. 57.

  32. 32.

    Ibid., p. 58., Translation from Spanish by the authors.

  33. 33.

    Ibid., p. 77.

  34. 34.

    Ibid., p. 78.

  35. 35.

    G. Jackson: El país que soñamos. Santiago de Chile 2013, p. 25. Translation from Spanish by the authors.

  36. 36.

    D. Salinas and P. Fraser, Pennsylvania State University: Educational Opportunity and Contentious Politics: The 2011 Chilean Student Movement, loc cit., p. 37.

  37. 37.

    F. Nummi: “La educación no se vende, se defiende!” El movimiento estudiantil chileno 2011, Stockholm University, http://su.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:491864, p. 24.

  38. 38.

    Ibid.

  39. 39.

    United Nations Development Programme: Understanding social conflict in Latin America 2013, loc cit., p. 13.

  40. 40.

    P. Mörtenbeck and H. Mooshammer: Occupy: Spaces of Protest [Occupy: Räume des Protests], Bielefeld 2012, p. 144.

  41. 41.

    Ibid.

  42. 42.

    G. Germani: Change and social classes in Italy [Mutamento e classi sociali in Italia]. Liguori Editore, Napoli 1981.

  43. 43.

    United Nations Development Programme: Understanding social conflict in Latin America 2013, loc cit., p. 31.

  44. 44.

    Ibid.

  45. 45.

    H. J. Burchardt and N. Weinmann: Social Inequality and Social Policy outside the OECD, loc cit., p. 19.

  46. 46.

    F. Mardones: Los conflictos de interés que penan a las autoridades de Piñera. In: Diario UChile, March 16, 2010, http://radio.uchile.cl/2010/03/16/conflictos-de-intereses-continuan-persiguiendo-a-las-autoridades-del-gobierno-de-pinera.

  47. 47.

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  48. 48.

    M. Jorratt: Visión Panorámica del Sistema Tributario Chileno y Propuestas de Reforma. In: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1DlIHJQOYpA_NzbbEUebiHYqozTz9q1cyoOXZiUePlH8/edit?pli=1#slide=id.p15.

  49. 49.

    P. Toroyo Bustamente: Michael Jorrat es el principal candidato para encabezar el SII en el nuevo Gobierno. In: Pulso Chile Economía, February 14, 2014, http://www.pulso.cl/noticia/economia/economia/2014/02/7-38461-9-michael-jorratt-es-el-principal-candidato-para-encabezar-el-sii-en-el-nuevo.shtml.

  50. 50.

    Ibid., http://static.pulso.cl/20140213/1898217.pdf, p. 9.

  51. 51.

    T. Fairfield and M. Jorratt: Top Income Shares, Business Profits, and Effective Tax rates in Contemporary Chile. In: International Center for Tax and Development, January 2014, ICTD Working paper 17, p. 9, http://www.ictd.ac/sites/default/files/ICTD%20WP17.pdf.

  52. 52.

    The Institute for New Economic Thinking (INET): http://ineteconomics.org/.

  53. 53.

    U. Thielemann, T. von Egan-Krieger’s and S. Thieme: Für eine Erneuerung der Ökonomie. Memorandum besorgter Wissenschaftler/102 Professors of the German-speaking World Issue Memorandum for Paradigmatic Openness and the Integration of Ethical Reflection into Economics as Social Science. Denkfabrik für Wirtschaftsethik Berlin, March 2012, http://www.mem-wirtschaftsethik.de/memorandum2012/.

  54. 54.

    M. Ramos: Los enormes beneficios tributarios a los que acceden las empresas mineras en Chile. In: Ciperchile, July 19, 2011, http://ciperchile.cl/2011/07/19/los-enormes-beneficios-tributarios-a-los-que-acceden-las-empresas-mineras-en-chile/.

  55. 55.

    T. Fairfield and M. Joratt: Top Income Shares, Business Profits, and Effective Tax rates in Contemporary Chile, loc cit., p. 9.

  56. 56.

    M. Ramos: Los enormes beneficios tributarios a los que acceden las empresas mineras en Chile, loc cit.

  57. 57.

    Ibid.

  58. 58.

    Ibid.

  59. 59.

    T. Fairfield and M. Joratt: Top Income Shares, Business Profits, and Effective Tax rates in Contemporary Chile, loc cit., p. 11.

  60. 60.

    H. J. Burchardt and N. Weinmann: Social Inequality and Social Policy outside the OECD, loc cit., pp. 18ff.

  61. 61.

    A. Luengo: Las simbologías detrás del cambio de mando en Chile. In: BBC Mundo, March 11, 2014, http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2014/03/140311_chile_gobierno_traspaso_luengo.shtml.

  62. 62.

    The Economist: Reform in Chile. The Lady’s for turning. Is Michelle Bachelet putting her country’s growth model at risk? May 24, 2014, http://www.economist.com/news/americas/21602681-michelle-bachelet-putting-her-countrys-growth-model-risk-ladys-turning?zid=309&ah=80dcf288b8561b012f603b9fd9577f0e.

  63. 63.

    The Wall Street Journal: Assault on the Chilean Miracle. President Bachelet wants to raise the corporate tax to 35% from 20%, March 14, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303678404579535830371293094.

  64. 64.

    Ibid.

  65. 65.

    The Economist: Reform in Chile. The Lady’s for turning, loc cit.

  66. 66.

    G. Orellana: Chile es el país más atractivo en impuestos mineros de la región. In: El Mercurio. Economía y Negocios Online, January 28, 2008, http://www.economiaynegocios.cl/noticias/noticias.asp?id=41010.

  67. 67.

    M. Ramos: Los enormes beneficios tributarios a los que acceden las empresas mineras en Chile, loc cit. Translation from Spanish by the authors.

  68. 68.

    http://www.inversionextranjera.cl/.

  69. 69.

    Ibid.

  70. 70.

    M. Ramos: Los enormes beneficios tributarios a los que acceden las empresas mineras en Chile, loc cit.

  71. 71.

    Comité de Inversiones Extranjeras: DL-600, http://www.ciechile.gob.cl/es/dl-600/.

  72. 72.

    M. Ramos: Los enormes beneficios tributarios a los que acceden las empresas mineras en Chile, loc cit. Translation from Spanish by the authors.

  73. 73.

    Ibid.

  74. 74.

    E. Thomson: Pinochet-Era Lure at Risk in Chile Election: Taxes. In: Bloomberg News, October 16, 2013, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-16/pinochet-era-investment-lure-at-risk-in-chile-election-taxes.html.

  75. 75.

    The Economist: Reform in Chile. The Lady’s for turning, loc cit.

  76. 76.

    United Nations Development Programme: One Planet to Share. Asia-Pacific Human Development Report, Routledge India 2012, http://www10.iadb.org/intal/intalcdi/PE/2012/10241.pdf.

  77. 77.

    Nación.cl: Piketty está interesado en viajar a Chile para conocer la riforma tributaria. In: La Nación, May 06, 2014, http://www.lanacion.cl/noticias/economia/ocde/piketty-esta-interesado-en-viajar-a-chile-para-conocer-la-reforma-tributaria/2014-05-06/193249.html.

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Benedikter, R., Siepmann, K. (2015). The Social Dimension: Inequality and Redistributive Policies. Ideas for Reform. In: Benedikter, R., Siepmann, K. (eds) Chile in Transition. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17951-3_5

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