Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Framework for Prevention

  • Chapter
Prevention of Late-Life Depression

Part of the book series: Aging Medicine ((AGME,volume 9))

  • 1095 Accesses

Abstract

Depression is a disease affecting millions of people worldwide, has a high risk of recurrence and carries high health care and other societal costs. Prevention of depression is essential, in particular since depression is more likely to persist when no intervention is provided. In this chapter we discuss the prevention framework developed by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) for providing a model to understand the different objectives of interventions. We also discuss risk factors specific for the elderly and identification of the population at risk. Finally we review some best practices in depression interventions and offer some suggestions for future research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. World Health Organization. Depression is a common illness and people suffering from depression need support and treatment. 2012. Available via http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/notes/2012/mental_health_day_20121009/en/ Accessed 7 Oct 2013.

  2. Marcus M, Yasamy MT, van Ommeren M, Chisholm D, Saxena S, World Health Organization Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse. Depression: a global public health concern. 2012. Available via http://www.who.int/mental_health/management/depression/who_paper_depression_wfmh_2012.pdf Accessed on 7 Oct 2013.

  3. World Health Organization. The global burden of disease 2004 update. 2004. Available via http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf. Accessed 7 Oct 2013

  4. Beekman AFT, Penninx BWJH, Deeg DJH, et al. The impact of depression on the well-being, disability and use of services in older adults: a longitudinal perspective. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2002;105:20–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Muňoz RF, Cuijpers P, Smit F, Barrera AZ, Leykin Y. Prevention of major depression. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2010;6:181–212.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Vos T, Haby MM, Barendregt JJ, Kruijshaar M, Corry J, Andrews G. The burden of major depression avoidable by longer-term treatment strategies. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004;61:1097–103.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Smit F, Cuijpers P. Excess mortality in depression: a meta-analysis of community studies. J Affect Disord. 2002;72:227–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Schoevers RA, Geerlings MI, Deeg DJ, Holwerda TJ, Jonker C, Beekman AT. Depression and excess mortality: evidence for a dose response relation in community living elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009;24:169–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Spijker J, De Graaf R, Bijl RV, et al. Duration of major depressive disorder in the general population: results from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Br J Psychiatry. 2002;181:208–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Beekman AT, Geerlings SW, Deeg DJ, et al. The natural history of late-life depression: a 6-year prospective study in the community. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002;59:605–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Von Korff M, Ormel J, Katon W, et al. Disability and depression among high utilizers of health care: a longitudinal analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992;49(2):91–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Katon WJ, Lin E, Russo J, et al. Increased medical costs of population-based sample of depressed elderly patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(9):897–903.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Unutzer J, Patrick DL, Simon G, et al. Depressive symptoms and the cost of health services in HMO patients aged 65 years and older. A 4-year prospective study. JAMA. 1997;277:1618–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Andrews G, Issakidis C, Sanderson K, Corry J, Lapsley H. Utilising survey data to inform public policy: comparison of the cost-effectiveness of treatment of ten mental disorders. Br J Psychiatry. 2004;184:526–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. World Health Organization (WHO), Mental health. DALY’s/YLD definition. 2013. Available via http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf. Accessed on 7 Oct 2013

  16. Beekman AFT, Cuijpers P, van Marwijk HWJ, Smit F, Schoevers RA, Hosman C. Preventie van psychiatrische stoornissen. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2006;150:419–23.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Smit F, Bohlmeijer E, Cuijpers P. Wetenschappelijke onderbouwing depressiepreventie: epidemiologie, aangrijpingspunten, huidige praktijk, nieuwe richtingen. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Trimbos-instituut; 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Smit F, Bohlmeijer E, Onrust S, Cuijpers P, Schoevers RA, Beekman A. Optimalisering van depressiepreventie bij ouderen. Gezondheidseconomische scenariostudios. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Trimbos Instituut; 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Cuijpers P, Beekman ATF, Reynolds CF. Preventing depression. A global priority. JAMA. 2012;307:1033–4.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Schoevers RA, Smit F. Preventie van psychiatrische stoornissen bij ouderen; de casus ‘depressie’. In: van der Mast R, Heeren T, Kat M, Stek M, Vandenbulcke M, Verhey F, editors. Handboek ouderenpsychiatrie. Utrecht: De Tijdstroom; 2010. p. 220–34.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Smit F, Smits N, Schoevers RA, Deeg D, Beekman A, Cuijpers P. An epidemiological approach to depression prevention in old age. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2008;16:444–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Beekman AT, Copeland JR, Prince MJ. Review of community prevalence of depression later in life. Br J Psychiatry. 1999;174:307–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. World Health Organization (WHO). The world health report 2001. Mental health: new understanding, new hope .Geneva: WHO; 2001. Available via World Health Organization (WHO), The world health report 2001. Geneva: WHO; 2001. Accessed on 7 Oct 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Cuijpers P. Prevention of depressive disorders: towards a further reduction of the disease burden of mental disorders. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2011;5:279–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. van Zoonen K, Buntrock C, Ebert DD, Smit F, Reynolds 3rd CF, Beekman AT, Cuijpers P. Preventing the onset of major depressive disorder: a meta-analytic review of psychological interventions. Int J Epidemiol. 2014;43(2):318–29. doi:10.1093/ije/dyt175. Review, PMID: 24760873, PMCID: PMC4023317.

  26. Reynolds III CF, Cuijpers P, Patel V, Cohen A, Dias A, Chowdhary N, et al. Early intervention to reduce the global health and economic burden of major depression in older adults. Annu Rev Public Health. 2012;33:123–35.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Schoevers RA, Beekman ATF, Deeg DJH, et al. The natural history of late-life depression: results from the Amsterdam Study of the Elderly (AMSTEL). J Affect Disord. 2003;76:5–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Cuijpers P, van Straten A, Smit F, Mihalopoulos C, Beekman A. Preventing the onset of depressive disorders: a meta-analytic review of psychological interventions. Am J Psychiatry. 2008;165:1272–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Blow F et al. Evidence-based practices for preventing substances abuse and mental health problems in older adults. Older Americans substance abuse and mental health technical assistance center. (undated).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Springer F, Philips J. The Institute of Medicine framework and its implications for the advancement of prevention, policy, programs and practice. Center for applied research solutions (CARS), (undated).

    Google Scholar 

  31. Sullivan PF, Neale MC, Kendler KS. The genetic epidemiology of major depression: review and meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157:1552–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Kendler KS, Gatz M, Gardner CO, et al. A Swedish national twin study of lifetime major depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163:109–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Schoevers RA, Beekman AT, Deeg DJ, Geerlings MI, Jonker C, van Tilburg W. Risk factors for depression in later life: results of prospective community based study (AMSTEL). J Affect Disord. 2000;59:127–37.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Steunenberg B, Beekman ATF, Deeg DJH, Kerkhof AJFM. Personality and the onset of depression in late life. J Affect Disord. 2006;92:243–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Moos RH, Schutte KK, Brennan PL, Moos BS. The interplay between life stressors and depressive symptoms among older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2005;60:199–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Kriegsman DMW, Deeg DJH, Lips P, Bosscher RJ. In: Deeg DJH, Westendorp de Seriere M, editors. Autonomy and well-being in the aging population. Amsterdam: VU University Press; 1998. pp. 23–5.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Nuss WS, Zubenko GS. Correlates of persistent depressive symptoms in widows. Am J Psychiatr. 1991;149:346–51.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Zisook S, Shuchter SR. Depression through the first year after the death of a spouse. Am J Psychiatry. 1991;148:1346–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Cuijpers P, Willemse G. Preventie van depressie bij ouderen. Een overzicht van interventies. Utrecht, The Netherlands: Trimbos Instituut; 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Depression Guideline Panel. Diagnosis and treatment (quick reference guide for clinicians). Rep. No. AHCPR publication 93-0552, No. 5. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Healthcare Policy and Research; 1993

    Google Scholar 

  41. Eisses AMH, Kluiter H, Jongenelis K, Pot AM, Beekman ATF, Ormel J. Risk indicators of depression in residential homes. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2004;19:634–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Perissinotto CM, Stijcacic Cenzer I, Covinsky KE. Loneliness in older persons: a predictor of functional decline and death. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172:1078–84.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Holwerda TJ, Deeg DJH, Beekman ATF, van Tilburg TG, Stek ML, Jonker C, et al. Feelings of loneliness, but not social isolation, predict dementia onset: results from the Amsterdam Study of the Elderly (AMSTEL). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2012;0:1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Schoevers RA, Smit F, Deeg DJH, Cuijpers P, Dekker J, van Tilburg W, et al. Prevention of late-life depression in primary care: do we know where to begin? Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163:1611–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Center for evidence based medicine. Number needed to treat (NNT). 2013. 2012. Available via Center for evidence based medicine, Number needed to treat (NNT). http://www.cebm.net/number-needed-to-treat-nnt/ Accessed 7 Oct 2013.

  46. Cuijpers P, Van Straten A, Smit F. Preventing the incidence of new cases of mental disorders: a meta-analytic review. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2005;193:119–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. De Graaf R, Bijl RV, Ravelli A, Smit F, Vollebergh WA. Predictors of first incidence of DSM-II-R psychiatric disorders in the general population: findings from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2002;106(4):303–13.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Smit F, Cuijpers P. Subtreshold depression as a risk indicator for major depressive disorder: a system review of prospective studies. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2004;109:325–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Cuijpers P, Donker T, van Straten A, Li J, Andersson G. Is guided self-help as effective as face-to-face psychotherapy for depression and anxiety disorders? A systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative outcome studies. Psych Med. 2010;40:1943–57.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Vink D, Aartsen MJ, Schoevers RA. Risk factors for anxiety and depression in the elderly: a review. J Affect Disord. 2008;106:29–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Postbus 30001, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, Netherlands

    Robert A. Schoevers

  2. Department of Education, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia

    Elisabeth Duursma

Authors
  1. Robert A. Schoevers
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Elisabeth Duursma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Robert A. Schoevers .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Olivia I. Okereke

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schoevers, R.A., Duursma, E. (2015). The Framework for Prevention. In: Okereke, O. (eds) Prevention of Late-Life Depression. Aging Medicine, vol 9. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16045-0_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16045-0_2

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-16044-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-16045-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation