Skip to main content

Safety Studies of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Used in Food Industry

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Food Engineering Series ((FSES))

Abstract

Nanotechnology has led us to the exponential use of nanoparticles (NP) grouped into four types: (1) carbon and fullerenes, (2) base metals, (3) dendrimers, and (4) metal composites. All of them are integrated in eight industrial sectors: (a) automotive, (b) aerospace, (c) electronic and computing, (d) energy and environment, (e) food and agriculture, (f) construction, (g) medicine and pharmacy, and (h) personal care. NP effects on different systems depend on the type, properties, and location of the system and appear in the form of aggregates or conglomerates of different sizes so that they may have a number of different effects when in contact with a human being. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate and regulate on the effects that products containing NP have on human health. This is focused on the usage and the security of metal oxide NP in contact with food-related products either intentionally or accidentally.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Allouni ZE, Cimpan MR, Høl PJ, Skodvin T, Gjerdet NR (2009) Agglomeration and sedimentation of TiO2 nanoparticles in cell culture medium. Colloid Surface B 68(1):83–87

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Rawi M, Diabaté S, Weiss C (2011) Uptake and intracellular localization of submicron and nano-sized SiO2 particles in HELA. Arch Toxicol 85(7):813–826

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arnall AH (2003) Future technologies, today’s choices: nanotechnology, artificial intelligence and robotics; a technical, political and institutional map of emerging technologies. Greenpeace Environmental Trust, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Bao YX, Cao Q, Yang Y, Mao R, Xiao L, Zhang H, Zhao HR, Wen H (2013) Expression and prognostic significance of Golgi glycoprotein 73 (GP73) with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related molecules in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Diagn Pathol 8:197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baun A, Sorensen SN, Rasmussen RF, Hartmann NB, Koch CB (2008) Toxicity and bioaccumulation of xenobiotic organic compounds in the presence of aqueous suspensions of aggregates of nano-C(60). Aquat Toxicol 86:379–387

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brausch KA, Anderson TA, Smith PN, Maul JD (2010) Effects of functiolalized fullerenes on bifenthrin and tribufos toxicity to Daphia magna: survival, reproduction and growth rate. Environ Toxicol Chem 29:2600–2606

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergeson LL, Hester T (2008) Nanotechnology deskbook. Environmental Law Institute, Eli Press, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Chau CF, Wu SH, Yen GC (2007) The development of regulations for food nanotechnology. Trends Food Sci Technol 18:269–280

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaudhry Q, Aitken R, Scotter R, Blackburn J, Ross B, Boxall A, Castle L, Watkins R (2008) Applications and implications of nanotechnologies for the food sector. Food Addit Contam 25(3):241–258

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen M, Von Mikecz A (2005) Formation of nucleoplasmic protein aggregates impairs nuclear function in response to SiO2 nanoparticles. Exp Cell Res 305:51–62

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng X, Kan AT, Tomson MB (2004) Naphthalene adsorption and desorption from aqueous C60 fullerene. J Chem Eng Data 49:675–683

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng S, Yan D, Chen JT, Zhuo RF, Feng JJ, Li HJ, Feng HT, Yan PX (2009) Soft-template synthesis and characterization of ZnO2 and ZnO hollow spheres. J Phys Chem C 113:13630–13635

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cho W-S, Duffin R, Bradley M, Megson IL, MacNee W, Howie1 SEM, Donaldson K (2012) NiO and Co3O4 nanoparticles induce lung DTH-like responses and alveolar lipoproteinosis. Eur Respir J 39:546–557

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dasari TP, Hwang HM (2013) Effect of humic acids and sunlight on the cytotoxicity of engineered zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles to a river bacterial assemblage. J Environ Sci 25(9):1925–1935

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Bie E Doyen P (1962) Cobalt oxides and salts. Cobalt 15:3–13

    Google Scholar 

  • EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) (2005) Opinion of the Scientific Panel of food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food on a request from the commission related to 2 Isopropyl thioxanthone (ITX) and 2 ethylhexyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EHDAB) in food contact materials. The EFSA J 293:1–15

    Google Scholar 

  • EFSA (2008) Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) on safety of aluminium from dietary intake. EFSA J 754:1–34

    Google Scholar 

  • EFSA (2009) Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food. Calcium silicate and silicon dioxide/silicic acid gel added for nutritional purposes to food supplements. EFSA J 1132:1–24

    Google Scholar 

  • EFSA (2011) Panel on food contact materials, enzymes, flavourings and processing aids (CEF). Scientific opinion on the safety evaluation of the substance, silver zeolite A (silver zinc sodium ammonium alumino silicate), silver content 2–5 %, for use in food contact materials. EFSA J 9(2):1999

    Google Scholar 

  • EFSA (2012) Scientific Opinion on the use of animal-based measures to assess welfare in pigs. EFSA J 10(1):2512 [85 pp.]

    Google Scholar 

  • Escuderos ME, García M, Jiménez A, Horrillo MC (2012) Edible and non-edible olive oils discrimination by the application of a sensory olfactory system based on tin dioxide sensors. Food Chem 136(3–4):1154–1159

    Google Scholar 

  • Freyre-Fonseca V, Delgado-Buenrostro NL, Gutiérrez-Cirlos EB, Calderón-Torres CM, Cabellos-Avelar T, Sánchez-Pérez Y, Pinzón E, Torres I, Molina-Jijón E, Zazueta C, Pedraza-Chaverri J, García-Cuellar CM, Chirino YI (2011) Titanium dioxide nanoparticles impair lung mitochondrial function. Toxicol Lett 202(2):111–119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gambardella C, Gallus L, Gatti AM, Faimali M, Carbone S, Antisari LV, Falugi C, Ferrando S (2014) Toxicity and transfer of metal oxide nanoparticles from microalgae to sea urchin larvae. Chem Ecol 30(4):308–316

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gentile F, Ferrari M, Decuzzi P (2008) The transport of nanoparticles in blood vessels: the effect of vessel permeability and blood rheology. Ann Biomed Eng 36(2):254–261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ginley DS, Bright C (2000) Transparent conducting oxides. MRS Bull 25(15):15–18

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon SC, Butala JH, Carter JM, Elder A, Gordon T, Gray G, Sayre PG, Schulte PA, Tsai CS, West J (2014) Workshop report: strategies for setting occupational exposure limits for engineered nanomaterials. Regul Toxicol Pharm 68:305–311

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gopinath P, Gogoi SK, Sanpuic P, Paul A, Chattopadhyay A, Ghosh SS (2010) Signaling gene cascade in silver nanoparticle induced apoptosis. Colloid Surface B 77:240–245

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gui S, Zhang Z, Zheng L, Cui Y, Liu X, Li N, Sang X, Sun Q, Gao G, Cheng Z, Cheng J, Wang L, Tang M, Hong F (2011) Molecular mechanism of kidney injury of mice caused by exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles. J Hazard Mater 195(15):365–370

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gramowski A, Flossdorf J, Bhattacharya K, Jonas L, Lantow M, Rahman Q, Schiffmann D, Weiss DG, Dopp E (2010) Nanoparticles induce changes of the electrical activity of neuronal networks on microelectrode array neurochips. Environ Health Persp 118(10):1363–1369

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanini A, Schmitt A, Kacem K, Chau F, Ammar S, Gavard J (2011) Evaluation of iron oxide nanoparticle biocompatibility. Int J Nanomed 6:787–794

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hsin YH, Chen CF, Huang S, Shih TS, Lai PS, Chueh PJ (2008) The apoptotic effect of nanosilver is mediated by a ROS- and JNK-dependent mechanism involving the mitochondrial pathway in NIH3T3 cells. Toxicol Lett 179:130–139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hyun-Joo C, Sung-Wook C, Sanghoon K, Hyang-Sook C (2011) Effect of particle size of zinc oxides on cytotoxicity and cell permeability in Caco-2 cells. Int J Food Sci Nutr 16:174–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Izak-Nau E, Voetz M, Eiden S, Duschl A, Puntes VF (2013) Altered characteristics of silica nanoparticles in bovine and human serum: the importance of nanomaterial characterization prior to its toxicological evaluation. Part Fibre Toxicol 10(1):56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jing S, Shaochuang W, Dong Z, Hun FH, Lei W, Hui L (2011) Cytotoxicity, permeability, and inflammation of metal oxide nanoparticles in human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 27:333–342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jung T, Kamm W, Breitenbach A, Kaiserling E, Xiao JX, Kissel T (2000) Biodegradable nanoparticles for oral delivery of peptides: is there a role for polymers to affect mucosal uptake? Eur J Pharm Biopharm 50:147–160

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalpana Sastry R Anshul S Rao NH (2012) Nanotechnology in food processing sector-An assessment of emerging trends. J Food Sci Technol 50(5):831–841

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li CH, Shen CC, Cheng YW, Huang SH, Wu CC, Kao CC, Liao JW, Kang JJ (2011) Organ biodistribution, clearance, and genotoxicity of orally administered zinc oxide nanoparticles in mice. Nanotoxicology 6(7):746–756

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li M, Jiang Y, Ding R, Song D, Yu H, Chen Z (2013) Hydrothermal synthesis of anatase TiO2 nanoflowers on a nanobelt framework for photocatalytic applications, J Electr Mater 42(6):1290–1296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Linsinger TPJ, Chaudhry Q, Dehalu V, Delahaut P, Dudkiewicz A, Grombe R, Von der Kammer F, Larsen EH, Legros S, Loeschner K, Peters R, Ramsch R, Roebben G, Tiede K, Weigel S (2013) Validation of methods for the detection and quantification of engineered nanoparticles in food. Food Chem 138:1959–1966

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lomer MC, Hutchinson C, Volkert S, Greenfield SM, Catterall A, Thompson RP, Powell JJ (2004) Dietary sources of inorganic microparticles and their intake in healthy subjects and patients with Crohn’s disease. Br J Nutr 92:947–955

    Google Scholar 

  • McCracken C, Zane A, Knight DA, Dutta PK, Waldman WJ (2013) Minimal intestinal ephitelial cell toxicity in response to short and long term food relevant inorganic nanoparticle exposure. Chem Res Toxicol 26(10):1514–1525

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miura N, Shinohara Y (2009) Cytotoxic effect and apoptosis induction by silver nanoparticles in HeLa cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 390:733–737

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morris VJ (2011) Emerging roles of engineered nanomaterials in the food industry. Trends Biotechnol 29:509–516

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moulin JJ, Wild P, Mur JM, Fournier-Betz M, Mercier-Gallay M (1993) A mortality study of cobalt production workers: An extension of the follow-up. Am J Ind Med 23:281–288

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mu Q, David CA, Galceran J, Rey-Castro C, Krzemiński L, Wallace R, Bamiduro F, Milne SJ, Hondow N, Brydson RM, Vizcay-Barrena G, Routledge M, Jeuken LJ, Brown AP (2014) A systematic investigation of the physico-chemical factors that contribute to the toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles. Chem Res Toxicol 27:558–567

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) Department of health and human services. Centers for disease control and prevention. Occupational exposure to titanium dioxide. Bulletin 63:1–119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naura AS, Sharma R (2009) Toxic effects of hexaammine cobalt(III) chloride on liver and kidney in mice: Implication of oxidative stress. Drug Chem Toxicol 32(3):293–299

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Omura K, Veluchamy P, Tsuji M, Nishio T, Murojono D (1999) A SnO2 : F thin films from dimethyltin dichloride. J Electrochem Soc 146:2113–2116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Onuma K, Sato Y, Ogawara S, Shirasawa N, Kobayashi M, Yoshitake J, Yoshimura T, Iigo M, Fuji J, Okada F 2009. Nano-scaled particles of titanium dioxide convert bening mouse fibrosarcoma cells into aggressive tumor cells. Am J Pathol 175(5):2171–2183

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Papis E, Rossi F, Raspanti M, Dalle-Donne I, Colombo G, Milzani A, Bernardini G, Gornati R (2009) Engineered cobalt oxide nanoparticles readily enter cells. Toxicol Lett 189:253–259

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paustenbach D, Tvermoes B, Unice K, Finley B, Kerger B (2013) A review of the health hazards posed by cobalt: potential importance of free divalent cobalt ion equilibrium in understanding systemic toxicity in humans. Crit Rev Toxicol 43:316–362

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Polak N, Read DS, Jurkschat K, Matzke M, Kelly FJ, Spurgeon DJ, Stürzenbaum SR (2014) Metalloproteins and phytochelatin synthase may confer protection against zinc oxide nanoparticle induced toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Compar Biochem Physiol C 160:75–85

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rocco MC (2005) Environmentally responsible development of nanotechnology. Environ Sci Technol 39:106A–112A

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Römer I, White TA, Baalousha M, Chipman K, Viant MR, Lead JR (2011) Aggregation and dispersion of silver nanoparticles in exposure media for aquatic toxicity tests. J Chromatogr A 1218:4226–4233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sahu D, Kannan GM, Vijayaraghavan R (2014) Size-dependent effect of zinc oxide on toxicity and inflammatory potential of human monocytes. J Toxicol Environ Health A 77(4):177–191

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanguansri P, Augustin MA (2006) Nanoscale materials development: a food industry perspective. Trends Food Sci Technol 17:547–556

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sekar D, Falcioni ML, Barucca G, Falcioni G (2011) DNA damage and repair following in vitro exposure to two different forms of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on trout erythrocyte. Environ Toxicol 117–127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seok SH, Cho WS, Park JS, Na Y, Jang A, Kim H, Cho Y, Kim T, You JR, Ko S, Kang BC, Lee JK, Jeong J, Che JH (2013) Rat pancreatitis produced by 13 week administration of zinc oxide nanoparticles: Biopersistence of nanoparticles and possible solutions. J Appl Toxicol 33(10):1089–1096

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shannahan JH, Lai X, Ke, PC, Podila R, Brown JM, Witzmann FA (2013) Silver nanoparticle protein corona composition in cell culture media. Plos One 8(9) e74001

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma V, Singh P, Pandey AK, Dhawan A (2012) Induction of oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in mouse liver after sub-acute oral exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles. Mutat Res 745(1–2):84–91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sompol P, Ittarat W, Tangpong J, Chen Y, Doubinskaia I, Batinic-Haberle I, Abdul HM, Butterfield DA, St Clair DK (2008) A neuronal model of Alzheimer’s disease: an insight into the mechanisms of oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial injury. Neuroscience 153(1):120–130

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith MP, Wayne A (2007) Oxidative stress and dopamine depletion in an intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson’s disease. Neuroscience 144:1057–1066

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stone V, Nowack B, Baun A, Van den Brink N, Kammer F, Dusinska M, Handy R, Hankin S, Hassellöv M, Joner E, Fernandes TF (2010) Nanomaterials for environmental studies: classification, reference material issues, and strategies for physico-chemical characterisation. Sci Total Environ 408:1745–1754

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Syama S, Reshma SC, Sreekanth PJ, Varma HK, Mohanan PV (2013) Effect of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles on cellular oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms in mouse liver. Toxicol Environ Chem 95(3):495–503

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tadeev AV, Delabouglise G, Labeau M (1998) Influence of Pd and Pt additives on the microstructural and electrical properties of SnO2-based sensors. Mater Sci Eng B 57(1):76–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka A, Hirata M, Homma T, Kiyohara Y (2010) Chronic pulmonary toxicity study of indium-tin oxide and indium oxide following intratracheal instillations into the lungs of hamsters. J Occup Health 52:14–22

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang J, Xiong L, Wang S, Wang S, Wang J, Liu L, Li J, Yuan F, Xi T (2009) Distribution, translocation and accumulation of silver nanoparticles in rats. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 9(8):4924–4932

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tiede K, Boxall BA, Tear SP, Lewis J, David H, Hassellov M (2008) Detection and characterization of engineered nanoparticles in food and the environment. Food Addit Contam A 25(7):795–821

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tuchsen F, Andersen O, Olsen J (1996) Referral bias among health workers in studies using hospitalization as a proxy measure of the underlying incidence rate. J Clin Epidemiol 49:791–794

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • United States Government Accountability Office (2010) Nanomaterials are widely used in commerce, but EPA faces challenges in regulating risk. GAO-10-549

    Google Scholar 

  • Vilhena MS, Costa ML, Berredo JF (2013) Accumulation and transfer of Hg, As, Se, and other metals in the sediment-vegetation-crab-human food chain in the coastal zone of the northern Brazilian state of Pará (Amazonia). Environ Geochem Health 35(4):477–494

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang J, Gerlach JD, Savage N, Cobb GP (2013) Necessity and approach to integred nanomaterial legislation and governance. Sci Total Environ 442:56–62

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weir A, Westerhoff P, Fabricious L, Von Goertz N (2012) Titanium dioxide nanoparticles in food and personal care products. Environ Sci Technol 46(4):2242–2250

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss J, Takhistov P, McClements J (2006) Functional materials in food nanotechnology. J Food Sci 71:R107–R116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer (2006) Cobalt in hard metals and cobalt sulfate, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide and vanadium pentoxide. IARC Monog Eval Carc 86:68–73

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer (2010) Carbon black, titanium dioxide, and talc. IARC Monog Eval Carc 93:1–452

    Google Scholar 

  • Ye Y, Liu J, Xu J, Sun L, Chen M, Lan M (2010) SiO2 induces apoptosis vía activation of p53 and Bax mediated by oxidative stress in human hepatic cell line. Toxicol In Vitro 24(3):751–758

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zelikoff J, Willis D, Degheidy H, Zhang Q, Umbreit T, Goering P (2013) Immune cell profiles in response to silver nanoparticles associated with medical devices (P3357). J Immunol 190:202.1

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhaoxia J, Xue J, Saji G, Tian X, Huan M, Xiang W, Suárez E, Zhang H, Hoek EM, Godwin H, Nel A, Zink JI (2010) Dispersion and stability optimization of TiO2 nanoparticles in cell culture media. Environ Sci Technol 44:7309–7314

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gustavo Fidel Gutiérrez-López BSc, MSc, PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science + Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Freyre-Fonseca, V., Delgado-Buenrostro, N., Chirino, Y., Gutiérrez-López, G. (2015). Safety Studies of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Used in Food Industry. In: Hernández-Sánchez, H., Gutiérrez-López, G. (eds) Food Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. Food Engineering Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13596-0_15

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics