Synonyms
Definition
Fluid withdrawal involves the extraction of groundwater, thermal water, oil, or gas from the subsurface. Depth of extraction may range from few meters (e.g., water table aquifers) to several kilometers (oil/gas reservoirs). Time period of extraction is generally on the order of several years or even decades.
Introduction
One major environmental, social, and economic consequence of groundwater pumping and gas/oil/geothermal water production is anthropogenic land subsidence. To be of major concern, subsurface fluid withdrawal must occur in densely populated or highly developed areas located close to the sea, or a lagoon, or a delta and take place within unconsolidated geological basins of alluvial, lacustrine, or shallow marine origin, formed typically, although not exclusively, during the Quaternary period. The first observation concerning land subsidence due to fluid removal was made almost one century ago by...
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References
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Gambolati, G. (2018). Fluid Withdrawal. In: Bobrowsky, P., Marker, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Engineering Geology. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12127-7_128-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12127-7_128-1
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