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New Technologies for Energy Recovery from Waste

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Management of Pulp and Paper Mill Waste

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Abstract

New Technologies – Pyrolysis, Direct liquefaction, Wet Air Oxidation, Super Critical Water Oxidation, Steam Reforming, Gasification (Plasma Gasification, Super Critical gasification) for energy recovery from waste are discussed. The operating conditions (temperature, pressure, atmosphere and products, etc.) vary among the methods. For example, gasification and SCWO methods utilize air or oxygen while some methods are conducted under oxygen depleted or anaerobic conditions. Pyrolysis and gasification operate at high temperatures; Pyrolysis targets a high yield of oil, and gasification favors production of gas. The greatest sludge volume reduction (over 90 %) can be achieved with the high-temperature methods which is advantageous as it effectively reduces the physical amount of sludge for disposal. The major disadvantage for these high-temperature processes is their lower net energy efficiency for the treatment of secondary sludge containing very high content of water, resulting from the need of the energy intensive operations of dewatering/thickening and complete evaporation of the water in the sludge. In contrast, the other treatment methods, i.e., direct liquefaction, SCWO operate at a relatively lower temperature and more importantly without the need of dewatering /thickening and complete evaporation of the water in the sludge. Accordingly, these methods are more promising for the treatment of secondary sludge from the standpoint of energy recovery.

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  1. C-103 Thapar Centre for Industrial R&D, Consultant (Pulp & Paper), Patiala, India

    Pratima Bajpai

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Bajpai, P. (2015). New Technologies for Energy Recovery from Waste. In: Management of Pulp and Paper Mill Waste. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11788-1_5

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