Abstract
Dissociation is a phenomenon in which there is a lack of connection in a person’s thoughts, memories, feelings, actions, or sense of identity. During the period of dissociation, certain information is split off from other information with which it is normally connected. Dissociative experience is probably a continuum, from complete absorption in a task with total unawareness of surroundings, to fugue states, to total amnesia. The diagnosis and treatment of depersonalization, derealization, dissociative amnesia, fugue states, and dissociative identity disorder are discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aliyev, N. A., & Aliyev, Z. N. (2011). Lamotrigine in the immediate treatment of outpatients with depersonalization disorder without psychiatric comorbidity: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 31, 61–65.
Allen, J. G., & Smith, W. H. (1993). Diagnosing dissociative disorders. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 57, 328–343.
Bartsch, T., & Deuschl, G. (2010). Transient global amnesia: Functional anatomy and clinical implications. Lancet Neurology, 9, 205–214.
Burton, N., & Lane, R. C. (2001). The relational treatment of dissociative identity disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 21, 301–320.
Chang, Y., Huang, C. H., Wen, Y. R., Chen, J. Y., & Wu, G. J. (2002). Dissociative amnesia after general anesthesia–a case report. Acta Anaesthesiologica Sinica, 40, 101–104.
Fine, C. G. (1999). The tactical-integration model for the treatment of dissociative identity disorder and allied dissociative disorders. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 53, 361–376.
Foguet, Q., Alvarez, M. J., Castells, E., & Arrufat, F. (2011). Methylphenidate in depersonalization disorder: A case report. Actas Españolas de PsiquiatrĂa, 39, 75–78.
Forrest, K. A. (2001). Toward an etiology of dissociative identity disorder: A neurodevelopmental approach. Consciousness and Cognition, 10, 259–293.
Gentile, J. P., Dillon, K. S., & Gillig, P. M. (2013). Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for patients with dissociative identity disorder. Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience, 10, 22–29.
Halligan, P. W., Athwal, B. S., Oakley, D. A., & Frackowiak, R. S. (2000). Imaging hypnotic paralysis: Implications for conversion hysteria. Lancet, 355, 986–987.
Hunter, E. C., Baker, D., Phillips, M. L., Sierra, M., & David, A. S. (2005). Cognitive-behaviour therapy for depersonalisation disorder: An open study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 1121–1130.
Kluft, R. P. (1996). Treating the traumatic memories of patients with dissociative identity disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 103–110.
Lee, S. S., Park, S., & Park, S. S. (2011). Use of Lorazepam in drug-assisted interviews: Two cases of dissociative amnesia. Psychiatry Investigation, 8, 377–380.
Michal, M., Beutel, M. E., Jordan, J., Zimmermann, M., Wolters, S., & Heidenreich, T. (2007). Depersonalization, mindfulness, and childhood trauma. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195, 693–696.
Quinette, P., Guillery-Girard, B., Dayan, J., de la Sayette, V., Marquis, S., Viader, F., et al. (2006a). What does transient global amnesia really mean? Review of the literature and thorough study of 142 cases. Brain, 129, 1640–1658.
Quinette, P., Guillery-Girard, B., Noel, A., de la Sayette, V., Viader, F., Desgranges, B., et al. (2006b). The relationship between working memory and episodic memory disorders in transient global amnesia. Neuropsychologia, 44, 2508–2519.
Reinders, A. A., Nijenhuis, E. R., Paans, A. M., Korf, J., Willemsen, A. T., & den Boer, J. A. (2003). One brain, two selves. NeuroImage, 20, 2119–2125.
Reutens, S., Nielsen, O., & Sachdev, P. (2010). Depersonalization disorder. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 23, 278–283.
Rosagro-Escamez, F., Gutierrez-Fernandez, N., Gomez-Merino, P., de la Vega, I., & Carrasco, J. L. (2011). The efficacy of lamotrigine in a resistant case of depersonalization disorder. Actas Españolas de PsiquiatrĂa, 39, 263–266.
Sierra, M. (2008). Depersonalization disorder: Pharmacological approaches. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 8, 19–26.
Sierra, M., & Berrios, G. E. (1998). Depersonalization: Neurobiological perspectives. Biological Psychiatry, 44, 898–908.
Sierra, M., & David, A. S. (2011). Depersonalization: A selective impairment of self-awareness. Consciousness and Cognition, 20, 99–108.
Stein, D. J., & Simeon, D. (2009). Cognitive-affective neuroscience of depersonalization. CNS Spectrums, 14, 467–471.
Vermetten, E., Schmahl, C., Lindner, S., Loewenstein, R. J., & Bremner, J. D. (2006). Hippocampal and amygdalar volumes in dissociative identity disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 630–636.
Weiner, E., & McKay, D. (2013). A preliminary evaluation of repeated exposure for depersonalization and derealization. Behavior Modification, 37, 226–242.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Hoyle Leigh & Jon Streltzer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Leigh, H. (2015). Dissociative Disorders. In: Leigh, H., Streltzer, J. (eds) Handbook of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11005-9_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11005-9_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-11004-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-11005-9
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)