Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

25 Years of Magnetic X-Ray Dichroism

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Magnetism and Synchrotron Radiation: Towards the Fourth Generation Light Sources

Part of the book series: Springer Proceedings in Physics ((SPPHY,volume 151))

Abstract

A historical overview of magnetic x-ray dichroism is presented. I describe the first theoretical and experimental results that have led to the development of this powerful technique for element-specific magnetometry. The theoretical progress of the sum rules is also described, starting with the spinorbit sum rule for the isotropic spectrum which led on to the spin and orbital moment sum rules for x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. The latter has been particularly useful to understand the magnetic anisotropy in thin films and multilayers. Further developments of circular dichroism in (resonant) photoemission and Auger, as well as x-ray detected optical activity, also are summarized. Currently, magnetic x-ray dichroism finds a wide application in x-ray spectroscopy and imaging for the study of magnetic materials and it is considered to be one of the most important discoveries in the field of magnetism in the last few decennia. It is hard to imagine modern research into magnetism without the aid of polarized x-rays.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • W.C. R¨ontgen, Sitz. Ber. Phys. Med. Ges. W¨urzburg 9, 132 (1895). Translated by A. Stanton, Nature, 53, 274 (1896).

    Google Scholar 

  • The cathode ray tube site (www.crtsite.com)

  • R.F. Mould, Phys. Med. Biol. 40, 1741 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Rogalev, F.Wilhelm, N. Jaouen, J. Goulon, J.P. Kappler, Lect. Notes Phys. 697, 71 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • B.L. Henke, E.M. Gullikson, J.C. Davis, Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables 54, 181 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Attwood, Soft x-rays and extreme ultraviolet radiation. Principles and applications (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • C.G. Barkla, Phil. Trans. A 204, 467 (1905)

    Google Scholar 

  • C.G. Barkla, Proc. Roy. Soc. London A 77, 247 (1906)

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Zeeman, Research in magneto-optics (MacMillan and Co., London, 1913)

    Google Scholar 

  • J.L. Erskine, E.A. Stern, Phys. Rev. B 12, 5016 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • H.S. Bennett, E.A. Stern, Phys. Rev. 137, A448 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • M.P. Bruijn, J. Verhoeven, M.J. van der Wiel, G. van der Laan, J.B. Goedkoop, J.C. Fuggle, A.A. MacDowell, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 253, 135 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, J.B. Goedkoop, J.C. Fuggle, M.P. Bruijn, J. Verhoeven, M.J. van der Wiel, A.A. MacDowell, J.B. West, I.H. Munro, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 255, 592 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, J. Zaanen, G.A. Sawatzky, R.C. Karnatak, J.M. Esteva, Phys. Rev. B 33, 4253 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, R.A.D. Pattrick, C.M.B. Henderson, D.J. Vaughan, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 53, 1185 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  • B.T. Thole, G. van der Laan, J.C. Fuggle, G.A. Sawatzky, R.C. Karnatak, J.M. Esteva, Phys. Rev. B 32, 5107 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • K.T. Moore, G. van der Laan, Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 235 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  • B.T. Thole, G. van der Laan, G.A. Sawatzky, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 2086 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, B.T. Thole, G.A. Sawatzky, J.B. Goedkoop, J.C. Fuggle, J.M. Esteva, R. Karnatak, J.P. Remeika, H.A. Dabkowska, Phys. Rev. B 34, 6529 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Sch¨utz,W.Wagner,W.Wilhelm, P. Kienle, R. Zeller, R. Frahm, G. Materlik, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 737 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Ebert, P. Strange, B.L. Gyorffy, J. Appl. Phys. 63, 3055 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Ebert, B. Drittler, R. Zeller, G. Sch¨utz, Solid State Commun. 69, 485 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  • U. Fano, Phys. Rev. 178, 131 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • S.P. Collins, M.J. Cooper, A. Brahmia, D. Laundy, T. Pitkanen, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 1, 323 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Sch¨utz, R. Wienke, W. Wilhelm, W. Wagner, P. Kienle, R. Zeller, R. Frahm, Z. Phys. B 75, 495 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  • C.T. Chen, F. Sette, N.V. Smith, Appl. Optics 29, 4535 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Kao, J.B. Hastings, E.D. Johnson, D.P. Siddons, G.C. Smith, G.A. Prinz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 373 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  • J.M. Tonnerre, L. S′eve, D. Raoux, G. Soulli′e, B. Rodmacq, P. Wolfers, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 740 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, C. R. Physique 9, 570 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • C. T. Chen, F. Sette, Y. Ma, S. Modesti, Phys. Rev. B 42, 7262 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  • F. Sette, C.T. Chen, Y. Ma, S. Modesti, N.V. Smith, in X-ray absorption fine structure, ed. by S.S. Hasnain (Ellis Horwood, Chichester, UK, 1991), p. 96

    Google Scholar 

  • T. Jo, G.A. Sawatzky, Phys. Rev. B 43, 8771 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, B.T. Thole, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 4, 4181 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  • T. Koide, T. Shidara, H. Fukutani, K. Yamaguchi, A. Fujimori, S. Kimura, Phys. Rev. B 44, 4697 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Carra, M. Altarelli, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 1286 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Giorgetti, E. Dartyge, C. Brouder, F. Baudelet, C. Meyer, S. Pizzini, A. Fontaine, R.M. Gal′era, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3186 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • J.C. Lang, G. Starjer, C. Detlefs, A.I. Goldman, H. K¨onig, X.D.Wang, B.N. Harmon, R.W.M. Callum, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 4935 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • H.A. D¨urr, E. Dudzik, S.S. Dhesi, J.B. Goedkoop, G. van der Laan, M. Belakhovsky, C. Mocuta, A. Marty, Y. Samson, Science 284, 2166 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, B.T. Thole, G.A. Sawatzky, M. Verdaguer, Phys. Rev. B 37, 6587 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  • B.T. Thole, G. van der Laan, P.H. Butler, Chem. Phys. Lett. 149, 295 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, I.W. Kirkman, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 4, 4189 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, B.T. Thole, Phys. Rev. B 43, 13401 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  • P.H. Butler, Point group symmetry applications, Methods and tables (Plenum, New York, 1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • R.D. Cowan, The theory of atomic structure and spectra (University of California Press, Berkeley, 1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, Lect. Notes Phys. 697, 143 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • B.T. Thole, P. Carra, F. Sette, G. van der Laan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1943 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  • A.F. Starace, Phys. Rev. B 5, 1773 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • B.T. Thole, G. van der Laan, Phys. Rev. A 38, 1943 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  • B.T. Thole, G. van der Laan, Phys. Rev. B 38, 3158 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, B.T. Thole, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 1977 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, B.T. Thole, G.A. Sawatzky, J.C. Fuggle, R.C. Karnatak, J.M. Esteva, B. Lengeler, J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. 19, 817 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, K. Moore, J.G. Tobin, B.W. Chung, M.A.Wall, A.J. Schwartz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 097401 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • K.T. Moore, G. van der Laan, R.G. Haire, M.A. Wall, A.J. Schwartz, P. S¨oderlind, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 236402 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 077401 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, Phys. Rev. B 86, 035138 (2012)56. M. Altarelli, Phys. Rev. B 47, 597 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn 63, 2393 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Carra, B.T. Thole, M. Altarelli, X. Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 694 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Carra, H. K¨onig, B.T. Thole, M. Altarelli, Physica B 192, 182 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • D.A. Varshalovich, A.N. Moskalev, V.K. Khersonskii, Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum (World Scientific, Singapore, 1988)

    Google Scholar 

  • J. St¨ohr, H. K¨onig, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3748 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • H.A. D¨urr, G. van der Laan, Phys. Rev. B 54, R760 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, B.T. Thole, Phys. Rev. B 53, 14458 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • S.P. Collins, D. Laundy, C.C. Tang, G. van der Laan, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 7, 9325 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, Phys. Rev. B 55, 8086 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  • B.T. Thole, G. van der Laan, M. Fabrizio, Phys. Rev. B 50, 11466 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 10, 3239 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, Phys. Rev. B 57, 112 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Ankudinov, J.J. Rehr, Phys. Rev. B 51, 1282 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Ebert, Rep. Prog. Phys. 59, 1665 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Wu, D. Wang, A.J. Freeman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 3581 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • K.W. Edmonds, N.R.S. Farley, T.K. Johal, G. van der Laan, R. P. Campion, B.L. Gallagher, C.T. Foxon, Phys. Rev. B 71, 064418 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Benoist, P. Carra, O.K. Andersen, Eur. Phys. J. B 18, 193 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Altarelli, P. Sainctavit, in Magnetism and synchrotron radiation, ed. by E. Beaurepaire, B. Carri`ere, J.P. Kappler (Les Editions de Physique, Les Ulis, 1996), p. 65

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, J. Synch. Rad. 6, 694 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Luo, G.T. Trammell, J.P. Hannon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 287 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • B.T. Thole, G. van der Laan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 2499 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, B.T. Thole, Phys. Rev. B 48, 210 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Carra, B.T. Thole, Rev. Mod. Phys. 66, 1509 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, B.T. Thole, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 7, 9947 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • M. van Veenendaal, P. Carra, B.T. Thole, Phys. Rev. B 54, 16010 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • L. Braicovich, A. Tagliaferri, G. van der Laan, G. Ghiringhelli, N.B. Brookes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 117401 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • F. Borgatti, G. Ghiringhelli, P. Ferriani, G. Ferrari, G. van der Laan, C.M. Bertoni, Phys. Rev. B 69, 134420 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Bruno, Phys. Rev. B 39, 865 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  • D.S. Wang, R. Wu, A.J. Freeman, Phys. Rev. B 47, 14932 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Weller, J. St¨ohr, R. Nakajima, A. Carl, M.G. Samant, C. Chappert, R. M′egy, P. Beauvillain, P. Veillet, G.A. Held, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3752 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • H.A. D¨urr, G. van der Laan, B.T. Thole, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 3464 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • H.A. D¨urr, G. Guo, G. van der Laan, J. Lee, G. Lauhoff, J.A.C. Bland, Science 277, 213 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, Phys. Rev. B 57, 5250 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, R.V. Chopdekar, Y. Suzuki, E. Arenholz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 067405 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 640 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Arenholz, G. van der Laan, A. McClure, Y. Idzerda, Phys. Rev. B 82, 180405 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • L. Baumgarten, C.M. Schneider, H. Petersen, F. Schafers, J. Kirschner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 492 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 2527 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  • B.T. Thole, G. van der Laan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 3306 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, Phys. Rev. B 51, 240 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • B.T. Thole, G. van der Laan, Phys. Rev. B 44, 12424 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  • B.T. Thole, G. van der Laan, Phys. Rev. B 49, 9613 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, M.A. Hoyland, M. Surman, C.F.J. Flipse, B.T. Thole, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 3827 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Roth, F.U. Hillebrecht, H.B. Rose, E. Kisker, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 3479 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • B.T. Thole, H. D¨urr, G. van der Laan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2371 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • H.A. D¨urr, G. van der Laan, D. Spanke, F.U. Hillebrecht, N.B. Brookes, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 93, 233 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Chass′e, H.A. D¨urr, G. van der Laan, Y. Kucherenko, A.N. Yaresko, Phys. Rev. B 68, 214402 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Brouder, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2, 701 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, P.F. Schofield, G. Cressey, C.M.B. Henderson, Chem. Phys. Lett. 252, 272 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, J. Synch. Rad. 8, 1059 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Goulon, C. Goulon-Ginet, A. Rogalev, V. Gotte, C. Malgrange, C. Brouder, C.R. Natoli, J. Chem. Phys. 108, 6394 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • C.R. Natoli, C. Brouder, P. Sainctavit, J. Goulon, C. Goulon-Ginet, A. Rogalev, Eur. Phys. J. B 4, 1 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Goulon, A. Rogalev, C. Goulon-Ginet, G. Benayoun, L. Paolasini, C. Brouder, C. Malgrange, P.A. Metcalf, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 4385 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Rogalev, J. Goulon, F. Wilhelm, A. Bosak, in Magnetism and synchrotron radiation, new trends, ed. by E. Beaurepaire, H. Bulou, F. Scheurer, J.P. Kappler (Springer, Berlin, 2010), Springer Proceedings in Physics 133, p. 169

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Goulon, A. Rogalev, F. Wilhelm, C. Goulon-Ginet, P. Carra, I. Marri, C. Brouder, J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 97, 402 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Beaurepaire, B. Carri`ere, J.P. Kappler (eds.), Rayonnement Synchrotron Polaris′e,

    Google Scholar 

  • Electrons Polaris′es et Magn′etisme, Mittelwihr (IPCMS, Strasbourg, 1989)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. van der Laan, J. Synch. Rad. 3, 248 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • Special issue dedicated to the late Theo Thole, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 86, 1 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  • http://www.nobelPrize.org/nobel Prizes/physics/laureates/1994/press.html

  • http://www.psi-k.org/awards vanderlaan.shtml

  • G. van der Laan, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 430, 012127 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Eisebitt, J. L¨uning, W.F. Schlotter, M. L¨urgen, O. Hellwig, W. Eberhardt, J. St¨ohr, Nature 432, 885 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • T. Duckworth, F. Ogrin, S.S. Dhesi, S. Langridge, A. Whiteside, T. Moore, G. Beutier, G. van der Laan, Opt. Express 19, 16223 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • T.A. Duckworth, F.Y. Ogrin, G. Beutier, M. Dupraz, S.S. Dhesi, S. Langridge, A. Whiteside, T. Moore, F. Yakhou, G. van der Laan, New J. Phys., in print (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Goulon, A. Rogalev, F. Wilhelm, N. Jaouen, C. Goulon-Ginet, G. Goujon, J.B.Youssef, M.V. Indendom, JETP Lett. 82, 696 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • M.K. Marcham, P.S. Keatley, A. Neudert, R.J. Hicken, S.A. Cavill, L.R. Shelford, G. van der Laan, N.D. Telling, J.R. Childress, J.A. Katine, P. Shafer, E. Arenholz, J. Appl. Phys. 109, 07D353 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • M.K. Marcham, L.R. Shelford, S.A. Cavill, P.S. Keatley,W. Yu, P. Shafer, A. Neudert, J.R. Childress, J.A. Katine, E. Arenholz, N.D. Telling, G. van der Laan, R.J. Hicken, Phys. Rev. B 87, 180403 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • K.W. Edmonds, G. van der Laan, A. Freeman, N.R.S. Farley, T.K. Johal, R.P. Campion, C.T. Foxon, B.L. Gallagher, E. Arenholz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 117207 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • R.A.D. Pattrick, G. van der Laan, C.M.B. Henderson, P. Kuiper, E. Dudzik, D.J. Vaughan, Eur. J. Mineral. 14, 1095 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • V.S. Coker, A.G. Gault, C.I. Pearce, G. van der Laan, N.D. Telling, J.M. Charnock, D.A. Polya, J.R. Lloyd, Environ. Sci. Technol. 40, 7745 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Stamm, T. Kachel, N. Pontius, R. Mitzer, T. Quast, K. Holldack, S. Khan,C. Lupulesco, E.F. Aziz, N. Wietstruk, H.A. D¨urr, W. Eberhardt, Nature Mater. 6, 740 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • L. Braicovich, G. Ghiringhelli, A. Tagliaferri, G. van der Laan, E. Annese, N.B. Brookes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 267402 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK

    Gerrit van der Laan

Authors
  1. Gerrit van der Laan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gerrit van der Laan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. IPCMS, Université Strasbourg CNRS, Strasbourg, France

    Eric Beaurepaire

  2. IPCMS, Université Strasbourg CNRS, Strasbourg, France

    Hervé Bulou

  3. IPCMS Dept. of Magnetic Objects on the NanoSca, Université Strasbourg CNRS, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France

    Loic Joly

  4. IPCMS, Université Strasbourg CNRS, Strasbourg, France

    Fabrice Scheurer

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

van der Laan, G. (2013). 25 Years of Magnetic X-Ray Dichroism. In: Beaurepaire, E., Bulou, H., Joly, L., Scheurer, F. (eds) Magnetism and Synchrotron Radiation: Towards the Fourth Generation Light Sources. Springer Proceedings in Physics, vol 151. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03032-6_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation