Abstract
Hypospadias (n=3682) showed no association with maternal age but a higher prevalence at first than at higher parities. Maternal overweight or obesity increased the risk and this was also seen after a period of unwanted childlessness and previous miscarriage. Infants of women who were born outside Sweden had an increased risk. Maternal pre-existing diabetes represented a marked risk factor. The only statistically significant association with maternal drug use referred to anticonvulsants and notably valproic acid. High risk estimates were also found for antihypertensives, immunosuppressive drugs, and neuroleptics (close to statistically significant). Use of antihistamines was associated with a ”protective” effect, notably after meclozine which is a standard drug for treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.
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Källén, B. (2014). Hypospadias. In: Epidemiology of Human Congenital Malformations. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01472-2_18
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01472-2_18
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