Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Western societies and developing countries. The ability to investigate the complete proteome provides a critical tool toward elucidating the complex and multifactorial basis of cardiovascular biology, especially disease processes such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. Different strategies have been used to discover novel potential biomarkers related to cardiovascular risk. It seems evident that a combination of biomarkers from different pathological pathways adds substantial prognostic information with respect to the risk of death from cardiovascular causes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alvarez-Llamas G, de la Cuesta F, Barderas ME, Darde V, Padial LR, Vivanco F (2008) Recent advances in atherosclerosis-based proteomics: new biomarkers and a future perspective. Expert Rev Proteomics 5(5):679–691
Anderson NL, Anderson NG (2002) The human plasma proteome: history, character, and diagnostic prospects. Mol Cell Proteomics 11:845–867
Anderson NL, Anderson NG (2003) The human plasma proteome: history, character, and diagnostic prospects. Mol Cell Proteomics 2(1):50
Anderson PA, Greig A, Mark TM, Malouf NN, Oakeley AE, Ungerleider RM, Allen PD, Kay BK (1995) Molecular basis of human cardiac troponin T isoforms expressed in the developing, adult, and failing heart. Circ Res 76(4):681–686
Apple FS, Collinson PO, IFCC Task Force on Clinical Applications of Cardiac Biomarkers (2012) Analytical characteristics of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays. Clin Chem 58(1):54–61
Arab S, Gramolini AO, Ping P, Kislinger T, Stanley B, Van Eyk J, Ouzounian M, MacLennan D, Emili A, Liu P (2006) Cardiovascular genomic medicine. Tools to develop novel biomarkers and potential applications. J Am Coll Cardiol 48:1733–1741
Baldus S, Heeschen C, Meinertz T, Zeiher AM, Eiserich JP, Münzel T, Simoons ML, Hamm CW, CAPTURE Investigators (2003) Myeloperoxidase serum levels predict risk in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 108:1440–1445
Ballantyne CM, Hoogeveen RC, Bang H, Coresh J, Folsom AR, Heiss G, Sharrett AR (2004) Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and risk for incident coronary heart disease in middle-aged men and women in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Circulation 109:837–842
Barderas MG, Laborde CM, Posada M, de la Cuesta F, Zubiri I, Vivanco F, Alvarez-Llamas G (2011) Metabolomic profiling for identification of novel potential biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011:790132
Batsis JA, Lopez-Jimenez F (2010) Cardiovascular risk assessment-From individual risk prediction to estimation of global risk and change in risk in the population. BMC Med 8:29–34
Beer LA, Tang H, Barnhart KT, Speicher DW (2011) Plasma biomarker discovery using 3D protein profiling coupled with label-free quantitation. Methods Mol Biol 728:3–27
Biomarkers Definitions Working Group (2001) Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints: preferred definitions and conceptual framework. Clin Pharmacol Ther 69:89–95
Bossuyt PM, Reitsma JB, Bruns DE, Gatsonis CA, Glasziou PP, Irwig LM, Lijmer JG, Moher D, Rennie D, de Vet HC, STARD Group (2003) Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: the STARD initiative. Clin Chem 49:1–6
Brennan ML, Penn MS, Van Lente F, Nambi V, Shishehbor MH, Aviles RJ, Goormastic M, Pepoy ML, McErlean ES, Topol EJ, Nissen SE, Hazen SL (2003) Prognostic value of myeloperoxidase in patients with chest pain. N Engl J Med 349:1595–1604
Cook NR (2007) Used and misuse of the receiver operating characteristic curve in risk prediction. Circulation 115:928–935
Cook NR (2008) Statistical evaluation of prognostic versus diagnostic models: beyond the ROC curve. Clin Chem 54:17–26
Cooke JP, Wilson AM (2010) Biomarkers of peripheral arterial disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 55:2017–2023
Cortese DA (2007) A vision of individualized medicine in the context of global health. Clin Pharmacol Ther 82:491–493
Cubedo J, Padró T, García-Moll X, Pintó X, Cinca J, Badimon L (2011) Proteomic signature of Apolipoprotein J in the early phase of new-onset myocardial infarction. J Proteome Res 10(1):211–220
Daniels LB (2011) Combining multiple biomarkers for cardiovascular risk assessment: more is usually better-up to a point. Bioanalysis 3(15):1679–1682
de la Cuesta F, Alvarez-Llamas G, Maroto AS, Donado A, Zubiri I, Posada M, Padial LR, Pinto AG, Barderas MG, Vivanco F (2011) A proteomic focus on the alterations occurring at the human atherosclerotic coronary intima. Mol Cell Proteomics 10(4):M110.003517
de la Cuesta F, Barderas MG, Calvo E, Zubiri I, Maroto AS, Darde VM, Martin-Rojas T, Gil-Dones F, Posada-Ayala M, Tejerina T, Lopez JA, Vivanco F, Alvarez-Llamas G (2012) Secretome analysis of atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic arteries reveals dynamic extracellular remodeling during pathogenesis. J Proteomics 75(10):2960–2971
Di Angelantonio E, Chowdhury R, Sarwar N, Ray KK, Gobin R, Saleheen D, Thompson A, Gudnason V, Sattar N, Danesh J (2009) B-type natriuretic peptides and cardiovascular risk: systematic review and meta-analysis of 40 prospective studies. Circulation 120:2177–2187
Edwards AVG, White MY, Cordwell SJ (2008) The role of proteomics in clinical cardiovascular biomarker discovery. Mol Cell Proteomics 7:1824–1837
Finley Austin MJ, Babiss L (2006) Commentary: where and how could biomarkers be used in 2016. AAPS J 8(1):E185–E189
Gerszten RE, Carr SA, Sabatine M (2010) Integration of proteomic-based tools for improved biomarkers of myocardial injury. Clin Chem 56(2):194–201
Gerszten RE, Asnani A, Carr SA (2011) Status and prospects for discovery and verification of new biomarkers of cardiovascular disease by proteomics. Circ Res 109:463–474
Gilstrap LG, Wang TJ (2012) Biomarkers and cardiovascular risk assessment for primary prevention: an update. Clin Chem 58(1):72–82
Haas B, Serchi T, Wagner DR, Gilson G, Planchon S, Renaut J, Hoffmann L, Bohn T, Devaux Y (2011) Proteomic analysis of plasma samples from patients with acute myocardial infarction identifies haptoglobin as a potential prognostic biomarker. J Proteomics 75(1):229–236
Halim SA, Newby LK, Ohman EM (2012) Biomarkers in cardiovascular clinical trials: past, present, future. Clin Chem 58(1):45–53
Hatoum IJ, Cook NR, Nelson JJ, Rexrode KM, Rimm EB (2011) Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity improves risk discrimination of incident coronary heart disease among women. Am Heart J 161:516–522
Hawkridge AM, Heublein DM, Bergen HR 3rd, Cataliotti A, Burnett JC Jr, Muddiman DC (2005) Quantitative mass spectral evidence for the absence of circulating brain natriuretic peptide (BNP-32) in severe human heart failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(48):17442–17447
Heidrich FM, Zhang K, Estrada M, Huang Y, Giordano FJ, Ehrlich BE (2008) Chromogranin B regulates calcium signaling, nuclear factor kappaB activity, and brain natriuretic peptide production in cardiomyocytes. Circ Res 102(10):1230–1238
Hermus L, Lefrandt JD, Tio RA, Breek JC, Zeebregts CJ (2010) Carotid plaque formation and serum biomarkers. Atherosclerosis 213:21–29
Hunkeler NM, Kullman J, Murphy AM (1991) Troponin I isoform expression in human heart. Circ Res 69(5):1409–1414
Kettman JR, Coleclough C, Frey JR, Lefkovits I (2002) Clonal proteomics: one gene – family of proteins. Proteomics 2(6):624–631
Kleine AH, Glatz JF, Van Nieuwenhoven FA, Van der Vusse GJ (1992) Release of heart fatty acid-binding protein into plasma after acute myocardial infarction in man. Mol Cell Biochem 116(1–2):155–162
Kuhn E, Addona T, Keshishian H, Burgess M, Mani DR, Lee RT, Sabatine MS, Gerszten RE, Carr SA (2009) Developing multiplexed assays for troponin I and interleukin-33 in plasma by peptide immunoaffinity enrichment and targeted mass spectrometry. Clin Chem 55(6):1108–1117
Kullo IJ, Cooper LT (2010) Early identification of cardiovascular risk using genomics and proteomics. Nat Rev Cardiol 7(6):309–317
Lange V, Picotti P, Domon B, Aebersold R (2008) Selected reaction monitoring for quantitative proteomics: a tutorial. Mol Syst Biol 4:222
Levin ER, Gardner DG, Samson WK (1998) Natriuretic peptides. N Engl J Med 339:321–328
Libby P, Ridker PM (2004) Inflammation and atherosclerosis: role of C-reactive protein in risk assessment. Am J Med 116(Suppl 6A):9S–16S
Manolio T (2003) Novel risk markers and clinical practice. N Engl J Med 349(17):1587–1589
Marko-Varga G, Fehniger TE (2004) Proteomics and disease: the challenge for technology discovery. J Proteome Res 3:167–178
McDonnell LA, Heeren RMA (2007) Imaging mass spectrometry. Mass Spectrom Rev 26:606–643
Melanson SE, Tanasijevic MJ, Jarolim P (2007) Cardiac troponin assays: a view from the clinical chemistry laboratory. Circulation 116(18):e501–e504
Meuwese MC, Stroes ES, Hazen SL, van Miert JN, Kuivenhoven JA, Schaub RG, Wareham NJ, Luben R, Kastelein JJ, Khaw KT, Boekholdt SM (2007) Serum myeloperoxidase levels are associated with the future risk of coronary artery disease in apparently healthy individuals: the EPIC-Norfolk Prospective Population Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 50:159–165
Mischak H, Coon JJ, Novak J, Weissinger EM, Schanstra J, Dominiczak AF (2009) Capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry as a powerful tool in biomarker discovery and clinical diagnosis: an update of recent developments. Mass Spectrom Rev 28(5):703–724
Mocatta TJ, Pilbrow AP, Cameron VA, Senthilmohan R, Frampton CM, Richards AM, Winterbourn CC (2007) Plasma concentrations of myeloperoxidase predict mortality after myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 49:1993–2000
Molins B, Peña E, de la Torre R, Badimon L (2011) Monomeric C-reactive protein is prothrombotic and dissociates from circulating pentameric C-reactive protein on adhered activated platelets under flow. Cardiovasc Res 92(2):328–337
Morrow DA, Sabatine MS, Brennan ML, de Lemos JA, Murphy SA, Ruff CT, Rifai N, Cannon CP, Hazen SL (2008) Concurrent evaluation of novel cardiac biomarkers in acute coronary syndrome: myeloperoxidase and soluble CD40 ligand and the risk of recurrent ischaemic events in TACTICS-TIMI 18. Eur Heart J 29:1096–1102
National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) (2002) Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation 106(25):3143–3421
Packard CJ, O’Reilly DS, Caslake MJ, McMahon AD, Ford I, Cooney J, Macphee CH, Suckling KE, Krishna M, Wilkinson FE, Rumley A, Lowe GD (2000) Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 as an independent predictor of coronary heart disease. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med 343:1148–1155
Patterson SD (2003) Data analysis – the Achilles heel of proteomics. Nat Biotechnol 21:221–222
Pencima NJ, D’Agostino RB Sr, D’Agostino RB Jr, Vasan RS (2008) Evaluating the added predictive ability of a new marker. From area under the ROC curve to reclassification and beyond. Stat Med 27:157–172
Petricoin EF, Liotta LA (2004) Proteomic approaches in cancer risk and response assessment. Trends Mol Med 10:59–63
Reichlin T, Irfan A, Twerenbold R, Reiter M, Hochholzer W, Burkhalter H, Bassetti S, Steuer S, Winkler K, Peter F, Meissner J, Haaf P, Potocki M, Drexler B, Osswald S, Mueller C (2011) Utility of absolute and relative changes in cardiac troponin concentrations in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 124(2):136–145
Rhee EP, Gerszten RE (2012) Metabolomics and cardiovascular biomarker discovery. Clin Chem 58(1):139–147
Ridker PM, Rifai N, Rose L, Buring JE, Cook NR (2002) Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 347(20):1557–1565
Roger LV, Jacobsen SJ, Weston SA, Goraya TY, Kilian J, Reeder GS, Kottke TE, Yawn BP, Frye RL (2002) Trends in incidence and survival of patients with hospitalized myocardial infarction, Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1979–1994. Ann Intern Med 136:341–348
Røsjø H, Husberg C, Dahl MB, Stridsberg M, Sjaastad I, Finsen AV, Carlson CR, Oie E, Omland T, Christensen G (2010) Chromogranin B in heart failure: a putative cardiac biomarker expressed in the failing myocardium. Circ Heart Fail 3(4):503–511
Schmidt AM, Yan SD, Wautier JL, Stern D (1999) Activation of receptor for advance glycation end products: a mechanism for chronic vascular dysfunction in diabetic vasculopathy and atherosclerosis. Circ Res 84:489–497
Schnabel RB, Sullivan LM, Levy D, Pencina MJ, Massaro JM, D’Agostino RB Sr, Newton-Cheh C, Yamamoto JF, Magnani JW, Tadros TM, Kannel WB, Wang TJ, Ellinor PT, Wolf PA, Vasan RS, Benjamin EJ (2009) Development of a risk score for atrial fibrillation (Framingham Heart Study): a community-based cohort study. Lancet 373(9665):739–745
Sturgeon C, Hill R, Hortin GL, Thompson D (2010) Taking a new biomarker into routine use – a perspective from the routine clinical biochemistry laboratory. Proteomics Clin Appl 4:892–903
Thakur SS, Geiger T, Chatterjee B, Bandilla P, Fröhlich F, Cox J, Mann M (2011) Deep and highly sensitive proteome coverage by LC-MS/MS without prefractionation. Mol Cell Proteomics 10(8):M110.003699
Van Eyk JE (2011) The maturing of proteomics in cardiovascular research. Circ Res 108:490–498
van Kimmenade RR, Januzzi JL Jr, Ellinor PT, Sharma UC, Bakker JA, Low AF, Martinez A, Crijns HJ, MacRae CA, Menheere PP, Pinto YM (2006) Utility of amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, galectin-3, and apelin for the evaluation of patients with acute heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 48(6):1217–1224
Vasan RS (2006) Biomarkers of cardiovascular disease: molecular basis and practical considerations. Circulation 113:2335–2362
Veenstra TD, Conrads TP, Hood BL, Avellino AM, Ellenbogen RG, Morrison RS (2005) Biomarkers: mining the biofluid proteome. Mol Cell Proteomics 4:409–418
Vivanco F, Darde V, De la Cuesta F, Barderas MG (2006) Cardiovascular proteomics. Curr Proteomics 3:147–170
Vivanco F, De la Cuesta F, Barderas MG, Zubiri I, Alvarez-Lamas G (2011) Cardiovascular proteomics. In: Garcia A, Senis YA (eds) Platelet proteomics. Principles, analysis and applications. Wiley, Hoboken
Waldo SW, Beede J, Isakson S, Villard-Saussine S, Fareh J, Clopton P, Fitzgerald RL, Maisel AS (2008) Pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels in acute decompensated heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 51(19):1874–1882
Wang TJ (2006) Multiple biomarkers for the prediction of first major cardiovascular events and death. N Engl J Med 355:2631–2639
Wang TJ (2011) Assessing the role of circulating, genetic, and imaging biomarkers in cardiovascular risk prediction. Circulation 123:551–565
Wang J, Balu N, Canton G, Yuan C (2010) Imaging biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. J Magn Reson Imaging 32(3):502–515
Watson CJ, Ledwidge MT, Phelan D, Collier P, Byrne JC, Dunn MJ, McDonald KM, Baugh JA (2011) Proteomic analysis of coronary sinus serum reveals leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein as a novel biomarker of ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. Circ Heart Fail 4(2):188–197
Wilson PW (2011) Prediction of cardiovascular disease events. Cardiol Clin 29:1–13
Wilson PW, D’Agostino RB, Levy D, Belanger AM, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB (1998) Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation 97(18):1837–1847
Zethelius B, Berglund L, Sunström J, Ingelsson E, Basu S, Larson A, Venge P, Ärnlöv J (2008) Use of multiple biomarkers to improve the prediction of death from cardiovascular causes. N Engl J Med 358:2107–2116
Zhang J, Guy MJ, Norman HS, Chen YC, Xu Q, Dong X, Guner H, Wang S, Kohmoto T, Young KH, Moss RL, Ge Y (2011) Top-down quantitative proteomics identified phosphorylation of cardiac troponin I as a candidate biomarker for chronic heart failure. J Proteome Res 10(9):4054–4065
Zimmermann-Ivol CG, Burkhard PR, Le Floch-Rohr J, Allard L, Hochstrasser DF, Sanchez JC (2004) Fatty acid binding protein as a serum marker for the early diagnosis of stroke: a pilot study. Mol Cell Proteomics 3(1):66–72
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Alvarez-Llamas, G., de la Cuesta, F., Barderas, M.G. (2013). Proteomics Toward Biomarkers Discovery and Risk Assessment. In: Wakabayashi, I., Groschner, K. (eds) Interdisciplinary Concepts in Cardiovascular Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01050-2_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01050-2_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-01049-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-01050-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)