Abstract
This chapter explores the multiplicities and entanglements of health and disease at Arroyo Hondo Pueblo. Interpreting patterns of pathology for past groups depends on how multiple conceptual frameworks emphasize some issues while hiding others. At Arroyo Hondo, sustenance frames how food practices, diet, and human physiology were entangled with spaces, things, other species, and beliefs. De-centering the body emphasizes its trans-corporeal relationships as a holobiont. How disease states emerged at this fourteenth century Ancestral Puebloan village reflect the entangled pathogenicity of micronutrient deficiencies, infections, parasites, and mycotoxins. I also discuss how notions of disease ecologies and pathological lives articulate disease states as immersed experiences.
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Notes
- 1.
A small andesite rubble dam was the only water control feature associated with the village. Located just southeast of Plaza A, this dam served as a small water catchment in the natural drainage swale separating Roomblocks 1,2 and 3 from the rest of the village. The area behind this dam was silted to a depth of about 4.5 feet. Trenching this silted area during SAR excavations at Arroyo Hondo yielded no datable artifacts, however, Lang believed this feature was associated with the occupation of Arroyo Hondo. Though cattails generally only grow along the marshy margins of streams, Lang attributes the cattail pollen (Typha sp.) present in Plaza A soil samples to cattails growing in the standing water captured by this dam (R. Lange, 1975 correspondence to V. Bohrer, cited in Bohrer, 1986:217).
- 2.
nutrientoptimiser.com/nutritional-value-bread-blue-corn-somiviki-hopi/d
- 3.
Beans contain up to 71 mg, 7% RDI and prickly pear up to 21 mg, 2% RDI of Vitamin C.
- 4.
Squash contains up to 25 mg, 2% RDI of Vitamin C.
- 5.
Purslane contains up to 21 gm, 35% RDI of Vitamin C.
- 6.
- 7.
Feroportin is a protein that mobilizes stored iron by transporting it through cell membranes.
- 8.
In an earlier analysis of Arroyo Hondo’s subadults (Palkovich, 1987), porosities consistent with scurvy were described only as endocranial lesions. At that time, skeletal pathologies attributable to scurvy and other metabolic diseases had not yet been identified or characterized in the paleopathology literature.
- 9.
Also see the discussion of scurvy, below.
- 10.
Frailty is a susceptibility to physiological stress and disease insults.
- 11.
Resilience is the ability to survive physiological stress and disease insults, also termed adaptive plasticity.
- 12.
Xerophthalmia, also dubbed “night blindness”, is the inability to see in low levels of illumination.
- 13.
“The Women’s Corn Grinding Society: All the women of the Corn Grinding Society (Kuya’) were to grind on that day. They shelled all of their baskets of corn and put aside the sooted ears. The head of the Corn Grinding Society called together all the members of the members of her society, and three women stayed in the house of the society and slept there in order to begin to grind before sunrise. Daylight came and all the girls and women of the village shelled baskets of corn to take with them to the Corn Grinding Society to grind so that they might always have plenty. Everybody said, ‘Don’t put the sooted ears in with the good corn.’ The girls and the women of that village all went to grind and the head of the society and the three women who had slept in her house were already grinding. They sang their songs. One of the women heard someone crying. She said, ‘Listen, someone is crying.’ Just then the door opened and Corn Soot Woman came in crying. She said, ‘Nobody likes me to be in the corn they are to grind. I am fat but nobody has any use for me.’ The head woman of the society said to Corn Soot Woman, ‘Why are you crying?’ “I am crying because they don’t ever put me among the good ears. I am not rotten.’ The head woman of the society said, ‘Don’t ever separate her from the good corn. She is fat; that is why. She is what she is. She is the mother of corn soot and you must put her in with the good corn whenever you shell it, in order to that she too may be fat as she is.’ They gave her a new name, Ioashka-nake (shuck), and they gave the soot a ceremonial name, Wesa.” (Benedict, 1931:14–15)
- 14.
Osteopenia is a condition where osteoids do not mineralize and bone density is decreased.
- 15.
12-K-4-III B.
- 16.
Long bone abnormalities I originally described as “bowing” (Palkovich, 1980) are cases of rickets.
- 17.
12-18-8-VI-1.
- 18.
- 19.
Osseous changes associated with rickets include metaphyseal flaring, cupping and course granularity of the metaphyseal surfaces, porosity at the ends of long bones and ribs, and/or patterns of cranial porosity.
- 20.
12-K-4-III B.
- 21.
12-6-6-5.
- 22.
See the description of this individual in Chap. 7.
- 23.
12-K-SQ3-3-7.
- 24.
The interrelated developmental origins of this suite of skeletal features are explored in Chap. 7.
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Palkovich, A.M. (2024). Sustenance and Its Consequences. In: Bodies, Ontology, and Bioarchaeology. Bioarchaeology and Social Theory. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56023-1_6
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