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Mitigation of Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease with Lipophilic Vitamins and Their Derivatives: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence

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Lipophilic Vitamins in Health and Disease

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease ((ABHD,volume 28))

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Abstract

Recent research has been exploring the link between vitamin deficiencies and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative ailments such as cognition impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Lipophilic vitamins A, D, E and K, offer a range of health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective characteristics, which are crucial for sustaining nerve myelination and neurotransmission in different brain functions. The neuroprotective role of lipophilic vitamins has been demonstrated by a number of preclinical and clinical studies, with a special focus on early-detection of AD. Such experimental and clinical investigations offer an important cost-effective strategy for the management of neurodegenerative disorders with different dietary supplements and nutraceuticals containing lipophilic vitamins. While the aetiology of AD is still elusive, experimental studies and histopathology of human brain has suggested a reduction in brain volume, oligomerisation and subsequent stabilisation of Aβ fibrils, coupled with phagocyte elimination, as the primary mechanism involved in the reduction of oxidative stress. This,in turn, slows the progression of cognitive decline. However, the underlying mechanisms of action of lipophilic vitamins are complex, and further studies are needed to bridge the gap in our knowledge. This book chapter offers an overview of the pathogenesis of AD and proposed usage of lipophilic vitamins, as well as the distribution these agents in nature. The physiological functions of each vitamin have been discussed in detail, supplemented with information to their biologically active metabolites and purported mechanisms of action. Finally, keeping in mind the novel delivery systems and advancements in the delivery of drugs into the brain, a section on nanotechnological interventions, as well as key challenges and future perspectives have also been addressed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’S NMIMS, Vile Parle-West, Mumbai, 56, India

    Dhruv Sanjay Gupta, Janvi Parekh, Meena Chintamaneni & Ginpreet Kaur

  2. Vivekanand Education Society’s College of Pharmacy, Chembur, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400074, India

    Daksh Sanjay Gupta

  3. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Harpal S. Buttar

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  1. Asper Clinical Research Institute, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Paramjit S. Tappia

  2. California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Anureet K. Shah

  3. Institute of Cardiovascular Science, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Naranjan S. Dhalla

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Gupta, D.S., Parekh, J., Gupta, D.S., Buttar, H.S., Chintamaneni, M., Kaur, G. (2024). Mitigation of Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease with Lipophilic Vitamins and Their Derivatives: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. In: Tappia, P.S., Shah, A.K., Dhalla, N.S. (eds) Lipophilic Vitamins in Health and Disease. Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease, vol 28. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55489-6_4

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