Abstract
Environmental problems, global climate change, and democracy are related phenomena. Global climate change, which shows up as weather extremes and altered rainfall patterns, exacerbates a number of environmental problems, including energy security, deforestation, land use changes, biodiversity loss, soil degradation, and water scarcity. Natural resources, food security, economic activity, and human health together with physical infrastructure are all significantly impacted by climate change. Furthermore, the complicated socioeconomic and cultural dynamics of the area are frequently overlooked by the conservation framework, which can hinder conservation efforts by causing disputes with nearby communities. Integrating traditional knowledge and practices, equitable benefit distribution, and local community awareness and participation in conservation programs should all be given top priority in this framework. The region is impacted by transboundary issues such as sea level rise, illegal wildlife and timber trade, changing rainfall patterns, and rising temperatures. Energy security in democracies necessitates the viability of legislative measures pertaining to carbon prices and caps, which are politically difficult due to higher emission taxes and limits. Democracy in carbon/energy demands using renewable biobased feedstocks while allowing for public choice and participation. A thorough conservation framework considering the region’s distinct socioeconomic and cultural features must be created to address these issues. Therefore, it is worthwhile to study the raising awareness by global mass media in several policy frameworks and conservation, climate change impacts on vulnerable communities, inadequate funding for conservation programs, weak implementation together with enforcement of environmental regulations, insufficient coordination among different agencies and stakeholders, regional and transboundary international cooperation, and energy security with emphasis on North-East India to ensure the United Nations Sustainable development goals. In order to combat global climate change in democracies, the chapter focuses on environmental issues including energy democracy and the role of mass media in fostering public awareness, advocating for public policy, rallying support, and facilitating action. A framework pertaining to a democratic and inclusive climate change response is also presented in this chapter, with a focus on North-East India.
References
Journal Articles
Anbumozhi, V., Kutani, I., & Singh, B. K. (2020). Energy market integration in northeast region of India: Efficiencies, vulnerabilities and strategic implications for Asia. Journal of Asian Economic Integration, 2, 82–96.
Anderson, A. A., & Huntington, H. E. (2017). Social media, science, and attack discourse: How twitter discussions of climate change use sarcasm and incivility. Science Communication, 39, 598–620.
Appelgren, E., & Jönsson, A. M. (2021). Engaging citizens for climate change—Challenges for journalism. Digital Journalism, 9, 755–772.
Apple, M. W., Biesta, G., Bright, D., et al. (2022). Reflections on contemporary challenges and possibilities for democracy and education. Journal of Educational Administration and History, 54, 245–262.
Araos, M. (2023). Democracy underwater: Public participation, technical expertise, and climate infrastructure planning in New York City. Theory and Society, 52, 1–34.
Arndt, C. (2023). Climate change vs energy security? The conditional support for energy sources among Western Europeans. Energy Policy, 174, 113471.
Banik, D. (2022). Democracy and Sustainable Development. Anthropocene, 1, 233–245.
Becker, S., & Naumann, M. (2017). Energy democracy: Mapping the debate on energy alternatives. Geography Compass, 11, e12321.
Berka, A., & Dreyfus, M. (2021). Decentralisation and inclusivity in the energy sector: Preconditions, impacts and avenues for further research. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 138, 110663.
Bhatt, B. P., & Sachan, M. S. (2004). Firewood consumption pattern of different tribal communities in north-East India. Energy Policy, 32, 1–6.
Borah, L., Kalita, B., Boro, P., et al. (2022a). Climate change impacts on socio-hydrological spaces of the Brahmaputra floodplain in Assam, Northeast India: A review. Frontiers in Water, 4, 1–8.
Boykoff, M., & Pearman, O. (2019). Now or never: How media coverage of the IPCC special report on 1.5°C shaped climate-action deadlines. One Earth, 1, 285–288.
Boykoff, M. T. (2008). Media and scientific communication: A case of climate change. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 305, 11–18.
Carvalho, A., & Burgess, J. (2005). Cultural circuits of climate change in U.K. broadsheet newspapers, 1985–2003. Risk Analysis, 25, 1457–1469.
Chakravorty, D. (2020). Role of media during environmental crisis in India (with special reference to Delhi smog). Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, XII, 152–160.
Chodkowska-Miszczuk, J., Starczewski, T., Rogatka, K., et al. (2022). From adoration to damnation? Exploring role of media in shaping low-carbon economy in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 4, 1–23.
Clulow, Z., & Reiner, D. M. (2022). Democracy, economic development and low-carbon energy: When and why does democratization promote energy transition? Sustainability, 14, 13213.
Crowley, T. J. (2000). Causes of climate change over the past 1000 years. Science, 289, 270–277.
Damsbo-Svendsen, S. (2022). How solutions journalism shapes support for collective climate change adaptation. Environmental Communication, 34, edac009.
Das, D. (2016). Changing climate and its impacts on Assam, Northeast India. Bandung: Journal of the Global South, 2, 26.
Dash, S. K., Sharma, N., Pattnayak, K. C., et al. (2012). Temperature and precipitation changes in the north-east India and their future projections. Global and Planetary Change, 98, 31–44.
Dehler-Holland, J., Schumacher, K., & Fichtner, W. (2020). Topic modeling uncovers shifts in media framing of the German renewable energy act. Patterns (NY), 2, 100169.
Dolphin, G., Pollitt, M., & Newbery, D. (2020). The political economy of carbon pricing: A panel analysis. Oxford Economic Papers, 72, 472–500.
Dudeja, G. (2020). Role of mass media in promoting environmental awareness. Academic Social Research, 6, 2.
Dutt, G. (2023). Role of electronic media in promoting environmental sustainability in India. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 11, g808–g813.
Falkenberg, M., Galeazzi, A., Torricelli, M., et al. (2022). Growing polarization around climate change on social media. Nature Climate Change, 12, 1114–1121.
Feldpausch-Parker, A. M., Endres, D., & Peterson, T. R. (2019). Editorial: A research agenda for energy democracy. Frontiers in Communication, 4, 53.
Freeman, B. C. (2017). Claims, frames, and blame: Coverage of climate change in ASEAN’s English-language newspapers, 2002–2012. SAGE Open, 7, 1–12.
Glass, L. M., & Newig, J. (2019). Governance for achieving the sustainable development goals: How important are participation, policy coherence, reflexivity, adaptation and democratic institutions? Earth System Governance, 2, 100031.
Godam, S. S., Khambekar, A. S., & Joshi, M. D. (2019). Role of Media in Creating Awareness about environmental protection, climate change and bio-diversity. International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, 5, 1455–1560.
Gomez-Casillas, A., & Márquez, V. G. (2023). The effect of social network sites usage in climate change awareness in Latin America. Population and Environment, 45, 7.
Goswami, B. N., Venugopal, V., Sengupta, D., et al. (2006). Increasing trend of extreme rain events over India in a warming environment. Science, 314, 1442–1445.
Green, F., & Healy, N. (2022). How inequality fuels climate change: The climate case for a Green new Deal. One Earth, 5, 635–649.
Guo, Y. Y., & Yin, J. Y. (2013). The effect of mass media factor on promoting solar energy diffusion in residential consumer market. IET International Conference on Smart and Sustainable City 2013 (ICSSC 2013), Shanghai, 2013, 74–78.
Hasan, S., & Dutta, P. (2019). Coverage of environmental issues in local dailies of Chattogram centering world environment day. Socioeconomic Challenges, 3, 63–71.
Hase, V., Mahl, D., Schäfer, M. S., et al. (2021). Climate change in news media across the globe: An automated analysis of issue attention and themes in climate change coverage in 10 countries (2006–2018). Global Environmental Change, 70, 102353.
Joffe, H. (2008). The power of visual material: Persuasion, emotion and identification. Diogenes, 55, 84–93.
Jones, G. A., & Warner, K. J. (2016). The 21st century population-energy-climate nexus. Energy Policy, 93, 206–212.
Kakade, O., Hiremath, S., & Raut, N. (2013). Role of Media in Creating Awareness about climate change—A case study of Bijapur City. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 10, 37–43.
Kanozia, R. (2016). Environment communication for sustainable development in Punjab, India. Journal of Content Community Commun, 4, 41–49.
Keller, T. R., Hase, V., Thaker, J., et al. (2019). News media coverage of climate change in India 1997–2016: Using automated content analysis to assess themes and topics. Environmental Communication, 14, 219–235.
Kweku, D. W., Bismark, O., & Maxwell, A. (2017). Greenhouse effect: Greenhouse gases and their impact on global warming. Journal of Scientific Research & Reports, 17, 1–9.
León, B., Negredo, S., & Erviti, M. C. (2022). Social engagement with climate change: Principles for effective visual representation on social media. Climatic Change, 22, 976–992.
Liu, C. (2021). Energy reserves and industrial development in north-east India. E3S Web Conferences, 292, 01033.
Liu, S., Colsona, G., & Wetzsteinb, M. (2018). Biodiesel investment in a disruptive tax-credit policy environment. Energy Policy, 123, 19–30.
Lovari, A., & Bowen, S. A. (2019). Social media in disaster communication: A case study of strategies, barriers, and ethical implications. Journal of Public Affairs, 20, e1967.
Lyytimäki, J., Nygrén, N. A., Pulkka, A., et al. (2018). Energy transition looming behind the headlines? Newspaper coverage of biogas production in Finland. Energy, Sustainability and Society, 8, 15.
Machin, A. (2022). Climates of democracy: Skeptical, rational, and radical imaginaries. WIREs Climate Change, 13, e774.
Malone, T. F. (2018). Mission to planet earth: Integrating studies of global change. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 60, 39–48.
Maloy, J. S. (2023). Climate change, energy transition, and constitutional identity. International Studies Review, viac060, 1–19.
Mandal, R., & Singha, P. (2020). Impact of climate change on average yields and their variability of the principal crops in Assam. Indian Journal Of Agricultural Economics, 75, 305–316.
Masnadi, M. S., El-Houjeiri, H. M., & Schunack, D. (2018). Global carbon intensity of crude oil production. Science, 361, 851–853.
Mavrodieva, A. V., Rachman, O. K., Harahap, V. B., et al. (2019). Role of social media as a soft power tool in raising public awareness and engagement in addressing climate change. Climate, 7, 122.
McDuie-Ra, D., & Kikon, D. (2016). Tribal communities and coal in Northeast India: The politics of imposing and resisting mining bans. Energy Policy, 99, 261–269.
Medranda-Morales, N., Sánchez-Montoya, R., Cevallos, A., et al. (2022). Challenges for the construction of environmental journalism in Ecuador and the COP26 in digital media. Sustainability, 14, 13173.
Mey, F., & Diesendorf, M. (2018). Who owns an energy transition? Strategic action fields and community wind energy in Denmark. Energy Research & Social Science, 35, 108–117.
Mitchell, T. (2011). Carbon democracy: Political power in the age of oil. Verso.
Muttakin, M. B., Rana, T., & Mihret, D. G. (2022). Democracy, national culture and greenhouse gas emissions: An international study. Business Strategy and the Environment, 31, 2978–2991.
Nuortimo, K., Härkönen, J., & Karvonen, E. (2018). Exploring the global media image of solar power. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 81, 2806–2811.
O’Neill, S. J., & Smith, N. (2014). Climate change and visual imagery. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 5, 73–87.
Oppenheimer, M., & Anttila-Hughes, J. K. (2016). The science of climate change. Children and Climate Change, 26, 11–30.
Painter, J., Kangas, J., Kunelius, R., et al. (2022). The journalism in climate change websites: Their distinct forms of specialism, content, and role perceptions. Journalism Practice, 1. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2022.2065338
Paola, M. D., & Jamieson, D. (2018). Climate change and the challenges to democracy. Miami Law Review, 72, 370–424.
Pesch, U. (2019). Elusive publics in energy projects: The politics of localness and energy democracy. Energy Research and Social Science, 56, 101225.
Polyakov, I. V., Alexeev, V. A., Bhatt, U. S., et al. (2010). North Atlantic warming: Patterns of long-term trend and multidecadal variability. Climate Dynamics, 34, 439–457.
Povitkina, M. (2018). The limits of democracy in tackling climate change, environmental politics. Environmental Politics, 27, 411–432.
Ramanathan, V., & Feng, Y. (2009). Air pollution, greenhouse gases and climate change: Global and regional perspectives. Atmospheric Environment, 43, 37–50.
Ramirez, J., Vel’azquez, D. A., & V’elez-Zapata, C. (2022). The potential role of peace, justice, and strong institutions in Colombia’s areas of limited statehood for energy diversification towards governance in energy democracy. Energy Policy, 168, 113135.
Rochyadi-Reetz, M., Arlt, D., Wolling, J., et al. (2019). Explaining the media’s framing of renewable energies: An international comparison. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 7, 119.
Roxburgh, N., Guan, D., Shin, K. J., et al. (2019). Characterising climate change discourse on social media during extreme weather events. Global Environmental Change, 54, 50–60.
Roy, S. K. (2020). A study of news content about northeast region of India in newspapers published from national capital (Delhi). Journal of Critical Review, 7, 1934–1941.
Saikia, R. (2017). Role of mass media in creating environmental awareness. National Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 2, 1–4.
Saneh. (2018). Role of media in conserving environment. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, 5, 155–160.
Santos, G. (2022). Climate change policy and carbon pricing. Energy Policy, 168, 112985.
Schäfer, M. S., & Painter, J. (2021). Climate journalism in a changing media ecosystem: Assessing the production of climate change-related news around the world. WIREs Climate Change, 12, e675.
Sharma, A., Sharma, D., Panda, S. K., et al. (2018). Investigation of temperature and its indices under climate change scenarios over different regions of Rajasthan state in India. Global and Planetary Change, 161, 82–96.
Sheik Mohamed, S. H. (2018). Climate change: Social media influences and public awareness. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations, 6, 36–42.
Showkat, N. (2016). Coverage of sanitation issues in India. SAGE Open, 2016, 1–6.
Showkat, N. (2017). Climate change in Indian press. Journal of Advanced Research In Journalism & Mass Communication, 4, 54–63.
Siswantini, Nathania, L., Puspita, V., et al. (2021). Impact of environmental journalism on social media towards millennials’ behaviour change. EEO, 20, 364–370.
Song, Y., Huang, Z., Schuldt, J. P., et al. (2022). National prisms of a global phenomenon: A comparative study of press coverage of climate change in the US, UK and China. Journalism, 23, 2208–2229.
Stephens, J. C. (2019). Energy democracy: Redistributing power to the people through renewable transformation. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 61, 4–13.
Subhadra, B., & Edwards, M. (2010). An integrated renewable energy park approach for algal biofuel production in United States. Energy Policy, 38, 4897–4902.
Suresh, P. (2016). Role of Media in Conserving Environment. International Journal of Scientific Research, 7, 30–34.
Szulecki, K. (2018). Conceptualizing energy democracy. Environmental Politics, 27, 21–41.
Tattimani, D., Naik, S., & Kakade, O. (2021). The role of television in creating awareness about climate change issues among women. Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 9, 18–23.
Thier, K., & Lin, T. (2022). How solutions journalism shapes support for collective climate change adaptation. Environmental Communication, 16, 1027–1045.
Thomas, K., Hardy, R. D., Lazrus, H., et al. (2019). Explaining differential vulnerability to climate change: A social science review. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 10, e565.
Toke, D., & Vezirgiannidou, S. E. (2013). The relationship between climate change and energy security: Key issues and conclusions. Environmental Politics, 22, 537–552.
Varikoden, H., & Revadekar, J. V. (2020). On the extreme rainfall events during the southwest monsoon season in northeast regions of the Indian subcontinent. Meteorological Applications, 27, e1822.
Verma, R., & Grover, P. (2021). 2Role of social media in promotion of green school initiatives by government green schools in India. Journal of Public Affairs, 2021, e2643.
Wahlund, M., & Palm, J. (2022). The role of energy democracy and energy citizenship for participatory energy transitions: A comprehensive review. Energy Research and Social Science, 87, 102482.
Waititu, P. (2021). Creating community based environmental awareness with social media: A Kenyan perspective. Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, 37, 27–42.
Wang, J., O’Donnell, J., & Brandt, A. R. (2017). Potential solar energy use in the global petroleum sector. Energy, 118, 884–892.
Wessler, H., Wozniak, A., Hofer, L., et al. (2016). Global multimodal news frames on climate change: A comparison of five democracies around the world. International Journal of Press/Politics, 21, 423–445.
Wijaya, A. S. (2014). Climate change, global warming and global inequity in developed and developing countries (analytical perspective, issue, problem and solution). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 19, 012008.
Willis, R., Curato, N., & Smith, G. (2021). Deliberative democracy and the climate crisis. WIREs Climate Change, 13, e759.
Zahan, Y., Mahanta, R., Rajesh, P. V., et al. (2021). Impact of climate change on north-East India (NEI) summer monsoon rainfall. Climatic Change, 164, 1–19.
Zawadzki, S. J., Vrieling, L., & van der Werff, E. (2022). What influences public acceptability of sustainable energy policies? The crucial role of funding and who benefits. Energy Research and Social Science, 87, 102468.
Żuk, P. (2023). Soft power and the media management of energy transition: Analysis of the media narrative about the construction of nuclear power plants in Poland. Energy Reports, 9, 568–583.
Book Chapter
Borah, D., Rout, J., & Nooruddin, T. (2022b). Bioenergy from algae—A biorefinery approach. In A. K. Kashyap, N. Behar, & S. Sharma (Eds.), Trends in environmental biology (pp. 18–32). Kripa-Drishti Publications.
Borah, D., Rout, J., & Nooruddin, T. (2023). Application of nanotechnology in bioenergy production from algae and cyanobacteria. In J. A. Malik & M. J. Sadiq Mohamed (Eds.), Modern nanotechnology (pp. 267–291). Springer Nature.
IPCC. (2021). Summary for policymakers. In V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, A. Pirani, et al. (Eds.), Climate change 2021: The physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (pp. 3–32). Cambridge University Press.
Krishnan, R., Gnanaseelan, C., & Sanjay, J. (2020). Introduction to climate change over the Indian region. In R. Krishnan, J. Sanjay, C. Gnanaseelan, et al. (Eds.), Assessment of climate change over the Indian region (pp. 1–20). Springer.
Lata, M., & Gupta, A. (2020). In V. Kumar & G. Malhotra (Eds.), Role of social media in environmental democracy (pp. 275–293). IGI Global.
Palit, D. (2003). Performance and impact of solar photovoltaic devices disseminated for village electrification in India (pp. 13–18). Proceedings of the International Conference on Renewable Energy for Rural Development., , 19–21 Jan 2002.
Wagner, A. (2018). The role of media influence in shaping public energy dialogues. In D. J. Davidson & M. Gross (Eds.), Oxford handbook of energy and society (pp. 381–400). Oxford University Press.
Book
Dubash, N. K. (Ed.). (2012). Handbook of climate change and India: Development, politics, and governance. Earthscan.
Kasperson, R. E., & Kasperson, J. X. (Eds.). (2012). Social contours of risk. Taylor & Francis.
Mallick, R., & Bajpai, P. (2019). Impact of social media on environmental awareness. IGI Global.
Proceedings and Conference Papers
Kushwaha, V. S. (2015). Mass media in disseminating environmental awareness social. International Journal of Research GRANTHAALAYAH, 3, 1–4.
Report
Moorhead, A. (2009). Climate, agriculture and food security: A strategy for change. Alliance of the CGIAR Centers.
Online Documents
Joshi, D., Joy, K. J., & Lokgariwar, C. et al. (2018). Defending nature, defending lives: Activists’ Stories of Resisting Hydropower Projects. https://hydroimpacted.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Defending-Nature-Defending-Lives.pdf
North East Center for Environmental Education & Research (NECEER), Imphal. (2010). Worldwide Save Loktak Lake Campaign. North East Center for Environmental Education & Research (NECEER), Imphal-7th March, 2010.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Borah, D., Durairaj, B., Deori, B.B., Rout, J. (2024). Environmental Issues and Mass Media: A Democratic Approach to Mitigate Global Climate Change with Emphasis on North-East India. In: Singh, P., Ao, B., Medhavi, D. (eds) Environmental Activism and Global Media. Springer Studies in Media and Political Communication. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55408-7_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55408-7_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-55407-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-55408-7
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)