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The Cradle of Chilean Wine Industry? The Vitiviniculture of the Pica Oasis

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Latin American Viticulture Adaptation to Climate Change

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Abstract

Pica vitiviniculture has a valuable history that dates back from the sixteenth century, but social, political, and economic consequences derived from the War of Pacific gave place to the last harvest in 1937. Some of the descendants of the first winegrowers of Tarapacá Region are currently seeking to recover and preserve their wine history. Subtropical conditions characterize the viticulture of Pica, providing a series of physiological problems, such as markedly acrotony and berry heterogeneity. Bioclimatic indices define the Pica viticulture as the warmest in Chile. The vines cultivated in Pica are affected by biotic and abiotic factors, mostly by bird damage and boron toxicity. Criolla varieties are mostly cultivated due to their important adaptation to pedoclimatic conditions of Pica compared to the European ones. This chapter provides valuable information about Pica vitiviniculture, which deserves more attention and support by the public and private sectors.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for the support of the “Cooperativa Lagar de los Oasis” members, especially to Felipe Loayza, Andrés Loayza, Rómulo Contreras, Jorge Moya, Italo Manniello and Rafael Angulo (R.I.P). The authors also would like to thank the students of the agricultural section of “Liceo Bicentenario Padre Alberto Hurtado Cruchaga de Pica,” and especially its director, Carolina Guerrero. In addition, the authors want to thank CORFO, CONADI, INDAP, and Fundación Educacional Collahuasi for their commitment to rescuing the wine heritage of the Pica Oasis. Finally, the authors want to thank all the residents of the Pica Oasis, especially Jorge Alache, Verne Angel, Ximena Loayza, Calogero Santoro, Lautaro Núñez, Luis Briones (R.I.P), and Enelidolfo O’Ryan, for their contribution to this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Carillanca, Vilcún, Chile

    Gastón Gutiérrez Gamboa

  2. Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Temuco, Chile

    Gastón Gutiérrez Gamboa

  3. Cooperativa Lagar de Los Oasis, Pica, Región de Tarapacá, Chile

    Victoria Contreras Cortez & Sergio Jara

  4. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Santiago, Chile

    Philippo Pszczólkowski

  5. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Raihuen, San Javier, Chile

    Irina Díaz-Gálvez

  6. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Intihuasi, La Serena, Chile

    Nicolás Verdugo-Vásquez

Authors
  1. Gastón Gutiérrez Gamboa
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  2. Victoria Contreras Cortez
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  3. Sergio Jara
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  4. Philippo Pszczólkowski
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  5. Irina Díaz-Gálvez
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  6. Nicolás Verdugo-Vásquez
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Gastón Gutiérrez Gamboa , Irina Díaz-Gálvez or Nicolás Verdugo-Vásquez .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Vilcún, Chile

    Gastón Gutiérrez Gamboa

  2. University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Mercedes Fourment

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Gutiérrez Gamboa, G., Cortez, V.C., Jara, S., Pszczólkowski, P., Díaz-Gálvez, I., Verdugo-Vásquez, N. (2024). The Cradle of Chilean Wine Industry? The Vitiviniculture of the Pica Oasis. In: Gutiérrez Gamboa, G., Fourment, M. (eds) Latin American Viticulture Adaptation to Climate Change. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51325-1_6

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