Abstract
This chapter aims to redefine sustainable tourism by providing a sustainability framework, the BEST (Beyond Sustainable Tourism), which highlights the evolution of sustainable tourism through the Covid-19 pandemic to the post-pandemic new normal. The BEST focuses on the shift in mindset that goes beyond the concept of ‘sustainable tourism’ and uses a model with two axes: The vertical axis is built on managing tourism demand and supply with an economic concern while simultaneously creating value through well-being concerns initiated by the pandemic. The horizontal axis looks at tourism development in terms of quantity and growth while considering quality of tourism as a requirement for transcending beyond sustainable tourism. The four quadrants of the sustainability framework distinguish between ‘Overtourism’, ‘Green Tourism’, ‘Responsible Tourism’ and ‘Regenerative Tourism’, each of which represents evolving phases of sustainable tourism based on changing tourism behaviour and new forms of tourism. The BEST is an analytical tool for understanding sustainable tourism in terms of changing tourism behaviour towards quality of tourism and well-being concerns. Further empirical research and tourism case studies could build upon this framework to explore perceptions of various tourism stakeholders regarding other forms of tourism behaviour that contribute to going ‘beyond sustainable tourism’.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aguiñaga, E., Henriques, I., Scheel, C., & Scheel, A. (2018). Building resilience: A self-sustainable community approach to the triple bottom line. Journal of Cleaner Production, 173, 186–196.
Alonso-Almeida, M.-d.-M., Borrajo-Millán, F., & Yi, L. (2019). Are social media data pushing overtourism? The case of Barcelona and Chinese tourists. Sustainability, 11(12), 3356. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11123356
Angela. (2023, January 4). The benefits of staycation trips will surprise you! global gadding. Global Gadding. Retrieved March 31, 2023, from https://www.globalgadding.com/benefits-of-staycation/
Ateljevic, I. (2020). Transforming the (tourism) world for good and (re)generating the potential ‘new normal’. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 467–475. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1759134
Bae, S. Y., & Chang, P. J. (2021). The effect of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) risk perception on behavioural intention towards ‘untact’ tourism in South Korea during the first wave of the pandemic (March 2020). Current Issues in Tourism, 24(7), 1017–1035.
Bellato, L., Frantzeskaki, N., & Nygaard, C. A. (2022). Regenerative tourism: A conceptual framework leveraging theory and practice. Tourism Geographies, 25(1), 1–21.
Borisenko, S. (2018). Tourists’ willingness to pay for Green Hotel practices. Doctoral dissertation, Instituto Politecnico de Leiria, Portugal.
Burrai, E., Buda, D. M., & Stanford, D. (2019). Rethinking the ideology of responsible tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(7), 992–1007.
Cape Town Declaration. (2002). Cape Town Conference on responsible tourism in destinations. Retrieved from http://www.capetown.gov.za/en/tourism/Documents/Responsible%20Tourism/Toruism_RT_2002_Cape_Town_Declaration.pdf
CBI. (2022, May 2). Regenerative tourism: Moving beyond sustainable and responsible tourism. Retrieved from https://www.cbi.eu/market-information/tourism/regenerative-tourism
Chaudhary, A. (2020). Impact and survival strategy for hospitality industry after COVID-19. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 5, 489–492.
Cheer, J. M., Ting, H., & Leong, C. M. (2021). Responsible tourism: A new era of responsibility? Journal of Responsible Tourism Management, 1(1), 1–17.
Dartford, K. (2021, November 16). Why Saudi Arabia is an inspiring destination for regenerative tourism. Euronews. Retrieved March 2023, from https://www.euronews.com/travel/2021/11/16/saudi-arabia-is-this-the-worlds-most-inspiring-regenerative-tourism-initiative
Dolnicar, S., & Matus, K. (2008). Are green tourists a managerially useful target segment? Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing, 17(3–4), 314–334.
Eichelberger, S., Heigl, M., Peters, M., & Pikkemaat, B. (2021). Exploring the role of tourists: Responsible behavior triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. Sustainability, 13(11), 5774.
Fletcher, R., Blanco-Romero, A., Blázquez-Salom, M., Cañada, E., Murray Mas, I., & Sekulova, F. (2021). Pathways to post-capitalist tourism. Tourism Geographies, 27, 1–22.
Fukey, L., & Issac, S. (2014). Connect among green sustainability and hotel industry: A prospective simulation study. International Journal of Social, Behavioural, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering, 8(1), 296–312.
Goel, P., Garg, A., Walia, N., Kaur, R., Jain, M., & Singh, S. (2021). Contagious diseases and tourism: A systematic review based on bibliometric and content analysis methods. Quality & Quantity, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-021-01270-z
Goodwin, H. (2014). Responsible tourism and the green economy. In Green growth and travelism (pp. 157–168). Routledge.
Goodwin, H. (2017). The challenge of overtourism. Responsible Tourism Partnership, 4, 1–19.
Gowreesunkar, V., Maingi, S., Roy, H., & Micera, R. (2021). Tourism destination management in a post pandemic context: Global issues and destination management solutions (1st ed.). Emerald Publishing Limited.
Gowreesunkar, V. G., Maingi, S. W., Roy, H., & Micera, R. (2022a). Rebuilding tourism post pandemic–Policy recommendations from global case studies. Emerald Open Research, 4(2), 2.
Gowreesunkar, V. G., Maingi, S. W., & Ming’ate, F. L. M. (Eds.). (2022b). Management of tourism ecosystem services in a post pandemic context: Global perspectives. Taylor & Francis.
Hashmi, Z. G., & Muff, K. (2014). Rethinking corporate sustainability within the ‘well-being’ context: The ‘COGWHEEL’ sustainability framework. Building Sustainable Legacies, 2, 67–96.
Hou, H., & Wu, H. (2021). Tourists’ perceptions of green building design and their intention of staying in green hotel. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 21(1), 115–128.
ILO. (2022). World employment and social outlook—Trends 2022. International Labour Organization.
Ioannides, D., Gyimóthy, S., & James, L. (2021). From liminal labor to decent work: A human-centered perspective on sustainable tourism employment. Sustainability, 13(2), 851.
Korstanje, M. E., & George, B. P. (2020). Education as a strategy to tackle over tourism for overtourism and inclusive sustainability in the twenty-first century. Overtourism: Causes, Implications and Solutions, 341–359. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42458-9_18
Law, A., De Lacy, T., Lipman, G., & Jiang, M. (2016). Transitioning to a green economy: The case of tourism in Bali, Indonesia. Journal of Cleaner Production, 111, 295–305.
Liu, X., Zeng, Y., He, J., & Li, Z. (2022). Value cocreation research in tourism and hospitality: A comparative bibliometric analysis. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 34(2), 663–686.
Milano, C., Cheer, J. M., & Novelli, M. (2018). Overtourism: A growing global problem. The Conversation, 18(1), 1–5.
Morrison, A. M. (2022). Tourism marketing in the age of the consumer. Routledge.
Mwesiumo, D., Halfdanarson, J., & Shlopak, M. (2022). Navigating the early stages of a large sustainability-oriented rural tourism development project: Lessons from Træna. Norway. Tourism Management, 89, 104456.
Pan, S. Y., Gao, M., Kim, H., Shah, K. J., Pei, S. L., & Chiang, P. C. (2018). Advances and challenges in sustainable tourism toward a green economy. Science of the Total Environment, 635, 452–469.
Rahman, D. H. A. A., Dayang-Affizzah, A. M., & Edman, S. (2012). Tourism and hotels in Sarawak: Economic performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 65, 1020–1026.
Renaud, L. et al. (2020). Covid-19 impacted jobs and hours of work—particularly for women.
Sarfraz, M., Raza, M., Khalid, R., Ivascu, L., Albasher, G., & Ozturk, I. (2022). Coronavirus disease 2019 safety measures for sustainable tourism: the mediating effect of tourist trust. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.784773
Sarkar, S. K., & George, B. (2018). Social media technologies in the tourism industry: An analysis with special reference to their role in sustainable tourism development. International Journal of Tourism Sciences, 18(4), 269–278.
Scheyvens, R., & van der Watt, H. (2021). Tourism, empowerment and sustainable development: A new framework for analysis. Sustainability, 13(22), 12606.
Sheresheva, M., Efremova, M., Valitova, L., Polukhina, A., & Laptev, G. (2021). Russian tourism enterprises’ marketing innovations to meet the COVID-19 challenges. Sustainability, 13(7), 3756.
Stankov, U., Filimonau, V., & Vujičić, M. D. (2020). A mindful shift: An opportunity for mindfulness-driven tourism in a post-pandemic world. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 703–712.
The Social Impact Taskforce. (2022). We are grateful to our funders for their financial …—Impact taskforce. Retrieved April 2023, from https://www.impact-taskforce.com/media/gq5j445w/time-to-deliver-final.pdf
The Star. (2010). 10 hotels in Malaysia now hold Green Award status. http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/1/26/nation/5545100&sec=nation
Tsai, M. C. (2021). Developing a sustainability strategy for Taiwan’s tourism industry after the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One, 16(3), e0248319.
UNEP. (2011). Climate change and POPS: predicting the impacts. Report of the UNEP/AMAP Expert Group Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention, Geneva, Switzerland.
UNWTO. (2018). Overtourism? Understanding and managing urban tourism growth beyond perceptions. UNWTO.
UNWTO. (2022). International tourism and COVID-19. World Tourism Organization. Retrieved March 30, 2023 from https://www.unwto.org/international-tourism-and-covid-19.
World Tourism Organization. (2002). World Tourism in 2002: Better than expected. Retrieved March 28, 2022 from http://www.world-tourism.org/newsroom/Releases/archives.htm.
World Travel & Tourism Council. (2020). To recovery & beyond: The future of travel & tourism in the wake of COVID-19. World Travel & Tourism Council.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hashmi, Z.G., Zonah, S. (2024). Transcending Beyond Sustainable Tourism Through a ‘Well-Being’ Perspective: The ‘BEST’ Sustainability Framework for the New Normal. In: Maingi, S.W., Gowreesunkar, V.G., Korstanje, M.E. (eds) Tourist Behaviour and the New Normal, Volume II. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45866-8_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45866-8_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-45865-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-45866-8
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)