A Review of Social Conditions During the Quarantine Period-Covid-19

Abstract

Since the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic, the social and emotional state of humanity has been increasingly deteriorating. To delve deeper into these negative impacts on individuals, we can turn to recent studies conducted on the Spanish population (Labrador et al. in Razón y Fe: Revista Hispanoamericana De Cultura 285:41–54, 2022) and examine the changes in the social and emotional well-being of Spanish people. Our analysis primarily focuses on the early reopening of schools, as Spain took the lead in this regard compared to other countries. As a result, a significant improvement in the social and emotional state of students has been observed. Descriptive analysis reveals that there has been a notable increase in students’ social and emotional well-being, rising from 12.6% during the lockdown to 21.3% after the reopening of schools. However, it is important to note that not all students experienced negative social and emotional effects, and these effects did not necessarily impact all aspects of their lives. To provide further analytical evidence of changes in student emotions and their academic success, we examined the GAD3 data for Ernst and Young (the Educator Barometer survey) and utilized the Ordered Probit regression. The use of the Educator Barometer survey, with its unique design and ability to capture valuable information, has greatly enhanced the depth and quality of our research, providing us with a solid framework to assess the socio-emotional well-being of students in Spain during these challenging times. To gather comprehensive information on students’ experiences during and after the Covid-19 lockdown, we employed the Educator Barometer, which allowed us to observe students at two distinct time points. This survey was particularly advantageous for our research purposes. To gauge the intensity of emotional well-being, we conducted computer-assisted online interviews (CAWI), posing questions to 207 families with children under 18 years of age across the country. The fieldwork for the survey was carried out on April 26–27, 2021. The data were collected to provide insights by gender, age group, and place of residence, following the Continuous Household Survey (ECH, INE) guidelines. To assess students’ emotional states, we focused on a specific question regarding their social and emotional well-being both during the lockdown period and after its cancellation. This analysis involved comparing responses from the same students’ families and teachers in two separate surveys. By utilizing available data on emotional experiences during the lockdown and subsequent reopening of schools, we were able to conduct various statistical analyses to evaluate the socio-emotional well-being of students in Spain during the 2019–20 and 2020–21 school years.