Skip to main content

Clinically Feasible Analysis of Discourse: Current State and Looking Forward

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Spoken Discourse Impairments in the Neurogenic Populations

Abstract

This chapter focuses on discourse measures that can be analyzed with either no or minimal transcription. For each measure, key research evidence, including availability of materials, training, and psychometric data for both stable and progressive aphasia will be highlighted. More complex/time-intensive measures available at more complex levels of transcription, which may be valuable in specific settings or under unique circumstances, will also be briefly reviewed. Finally, the chapter closes with a discussion on recent advances in improving the feasibility of discourse analysis in clinical settings and considers what problems still need to be tackled in order to truly make clinical discourse analysis feasible at all levels.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Boyle M. Choosing discourse outcome measures to assess clinical change. Semin Speech Lang. 2019;41(1):1–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Bryant L, Spencer E, Ferguson A. Clinical use of linguistic discourse analysis for the assessment of language in aphasia. Aphasiology. 2016;31(10):1105–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Stark BC, Dutta M, Murray LL, Fromm D, Bryant L, Harmon TG, Ramage AE, Roberts AC. Spoken discourse assessment and analysis in aphasia: an international survey of current practices. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2021;64(11):4366–89.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Cruice M, Botting N, Marshall J, Boyle M, Hersh D, Pritchard M, Dipper L. UK speech and language therapists’ views and reported practices of discourse analysis in aphasia rehabilitation. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2020;55(3):417–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Kertesz A. Western aphasia battery—revised. Pearson; 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Behrns I, Wengelin Å, Broberg M, Hartelius L. A comparison between written and spoken narratives in aphasia. Clin Linguist Phon. 2009;23(7):507–28.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Ulatowska HK, Doyel AW, Stern RF, Haynes SM, North AJ. Production of procedural discourse in aphasia. Brain Lang. 1983;18(2):315–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Ulatowska H, North AJ, Macaluso-Haynes S, Doyel AW, Freedman-Stern R. Production of narrative discourse in aphasia. Brain Lang. 1983;19(2):317–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Kong AP-H, Wong CW-Y. An integrative analysis of spontaneous storytelling discourse in aphasia: relationship with listeners’ rating and prediction of severity and fluency status of aphasia. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2018;27(4):1491–505.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Park H, Rogalski Y, Rodriguez AD, Zlatar Z, Benjamin M, Harnish S, Bennett J, Rosenbek JC, Crosson B, Reilly J. Perceptual cues used by listeners to discriminate fluent from nonfluent narrative discourse. Aphasiology. 2011;25(9):998–1015.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Webster J, Morris J. Communicative informativeness in aphasia: investigating the relationship between linguistic and perceptual measures. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2019;28(3):1115–26.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Ulatowska HK, Reyes B, Santos TO, Garst D, Vernon J, McArthur J. Personal narratives in aphasia: understanding narrative competence. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2013;20(1):36–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Ulatowska HK, Olness GS, Wertz RT, Thompson JL, Keebler MW, Hill CL, Auther LL. Comparison of language impairment, functional communication, and discourse measures in African-American aphasic and normal adults. Aphasiology. 2001;15(10–11):1007–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Olness GS, Ulatowska HK, Wertz RT, Thompson JL, Auther LL. Discourse elicitation with pictorial stimuli in African Americans and Caucasians with and without aphasia. Aphasiology. 2002;16(4–6):623–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ulatowska H, Streit Olness G, Wertz R, Samson A, Keebler M, Goins K. Relationship between discourse and Western aphasia battery performance in African Americans with aphasia. Aphasiology. 2003;17(5):511–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Ross KB, Wertz RT. Comparison of impairment and disability measures for assessing severity of, and improvement in, aphasia. Aphasiology. 1999;13(2):113–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Ballard KJ, Thompson CK. Treatment and generalization of complex sentence production in agrammatism. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 1999;42(3):690–707.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Cupit J, Rochon E, Leonard C, Laird L. Social validation as a measure of improvement after aphasia treatment: its usefulness and influencing factors. Aphasiology. 2010;24(11):1486–500.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Hickey E, Rondeau G. Social validation in aphasiology: does judges’ knowledge of aphasiology matter? Aphasiology. 2005;19(3–5):389–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Jacobs BJ. Social validity of changes in informativeness and efficiency of aphasic discourse following linguistic specific treatment (LST). Brain Lang. 2001;78(1):115–27.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Pattee C, Von Berg S, Ghezzi P. Effects of alternative communication on the communicative effectiveness of an individual with a progressive language disorder. Int J Rehabil Res. 2006;29(2):151–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Rebstock AM, Wallace SE. Effects of a combined semantic feature analysis and multimodal treatment for primary progressive aphasia: pilot study. Commun Disord Q. 2018;41(2):71–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Navarro J. Using discourse rating scales to measure effectiveness of treatment in people with aphasia [thesis]. 2020;1–60.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Dalton SG, Kim H, Richardson JD, Wright HH. A compendium of core lexicon checklists. Semin Speech Lang. 2019;41(1):45–60.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Kim H, Wright HH. A tutorial on core lexicon: development, use, and application. Semin Speech Lang. 2019;41(1):20–31.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. MacWhinney B, Fromm D, Holland A, Forbes M, Wright H. Automated analysis of the Cinderella story. Aphasiology. 2010;24(6–8):856–68.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Fromm D, Forbes M, Holland A, MacWhinney B. PWAs and PBJs: language for describing a simple procedure. Paper presented at: clinical aphasiology conference. 2013 May. Tucson.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Gleason JB, Goodglass H, Obler L, Green E, Hyde MR, Weintraub S. Narrative strategies of aphasic and normal-speaking subjects. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 1980;23(2):370–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. MacWhinney B, Fromm D. AphasiaBank as BigData. Semin Speech Lang. 2016;37(1):10–22.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Dalton SG, Richardson JD. Core-lexicon and main-concept production during picture-sequence description in adults without brain damage and adults with aphasia. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2015;24(4):S923–38.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Kim H, Kintz S, Zelnosky K, Wright HH. Measuring word retrieval in narrative discourse: core lexicon in aphasia. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2019;54(1):62–78.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Kim H, Wright HH. Concurrent validity and reliability of the core lexicon measure as a measure of word retrieval ability in aphasia narratives. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2020;29(1):101–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Dalton SG, Hubbard HI, Richardson JD. Moving toward non-transcription based discourse analysis in stable and progressive aphasia. Semin Speech Lang. 2019;41(1):32–44.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Kim H, Kintz S, Wright HH. Development of a measure of function word use in narrative discourse: core lexicon analysis in aphasia. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2020;56(1):6–19.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. DeDe G, Hoover E. Measuring change at the discourse-level following conversation treatment. Top Lang Disord. 2021;41(1):5–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Kim H, Berube S, Hillis AE. Core lexicon in aphasia: a longitudinal study. Aphasiology. 2023;37(10):1679–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Dalton SG, Stark BC, Fromm D, Apple K, MacWhinney B, Rensch A, Rowedder M. Validation of an automated procedure for calculating core lexicon from transcripts. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2022;65(8):2996–3003.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Goodglass H, Kaplan E, Weintraub S. BDAE: the Boston diagnostic aphasia examination. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Berube S, Nonnemacher J, Demsky C, Glenn S, Saxena S, Wright A, Tippett DC, Hillis AE. Stealing cookies in the twenty-first century: measures of spoken narrative in healthy versus speakers with aphasia. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2019;28(1S):321–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. MacWhinney B, Fromm D, Forbes M, Holland A. AphasiaBank: methods for studying discourse. Aphasiology. 2011;25(11):1286–307.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Yorkston KM, Beukelman DR. An analysis of connected speech samples of aphasic and normal speakers. J Speech Hear Disord. 1980;45(1):27–36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Nespoulous JL, Joanette Y, Lecours AR. Protocole Montreal-Toulouse d’examen linguistique de l’aphasie (MT-86). Isbergues: Ortho Edition; 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Nespoulous JL, Lecours AR, Lafond D, Joanette Y, Lemay A, Puel M, Cot F, Rascol A. Protocole Montre ́al-Toulouse d’examen linguistique de l’aphasie, MT 86, Module standard initial. Montreal: Ortho Edition; 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Larfeuil C, Dorze GL. An analysis of the word-finding difficulties and of the content of the content of the discourse of recent and chronic aphasic speakers. Aphasiology. 1997;11(8):783–811.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Craig HK, Hinckley JJ, Winkelseth M, Carry L, Walley J, Bardach L, Higman B, Hilfinger P, Schall C, Sheimo D. Quantifying connected speech samples of adults with chronic aphasia. Aphasiology. 1993;7(2):155–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Hux K, Buechter M, Wallace S, Weissling K. Using visual scene displays to create a shared communication space for a person with aphasia. Aphasiology. 2010;24(5):643–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Stark BC, Warburton EA. Improved language in chronic aphasia after self-delivered iPad speech therapy. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2016;28(5):818–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Hinckley JJ, Craig HK. Influence of rate of treatment on the naming abilities of adults with chronic aphasia. Aphasiology. 1998;12(11):989–1006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Berube SK, Goldberg E, Sheppard SM, Durfee AZ, Ubellacker D, Walker A, Stein CM, Hillis AE. An analysis of right hemisphere stroke discourse in the modern Cookie theft picture. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2022;31(5S):2301–12.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Agis D, Goggins MB, Oishi K, Oishi K, Davis C, Wright A, Kim EH, Sebastian R, Tippett DC, Faria A, Hillis AE. Picturing the size and site of stroke with an expanded National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Stroke. 2016;47(6):1459–65.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Keator LM, Faria AV, Kim KT, Saxena S, Wright AE, Sheppard SM, Breining BL, Goldberg E, Tippett DC, Meier E, Hillis AE. An efficient bedside measure yields prognostic implications for language recovery in acute stroke patients. Cogn Behav Neurol. 2020;33(3):192–200.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. McCann CM, Plourde J, Moore C, Purdy SC. Linguistic analysis in public speaking: evidence from a gavel club for people with aphasia. Clin Linguist Phon. 2020;35(8):793–808.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. McNeil MR, Doyle PJ, Fossett TR, Park GH, Goda AJ. Reliability and concurrent validity of the information unit scoring metric for the story retelling procedure. Aphasiology. 2001;15(10–11):991–1006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Doyle PJ, McNeil MR, Park G, Goda A, Rubenstein E, Spencer K, Carroll B, Lustig A, Szwarc L. Linguistic validation of four parallel forms of a story retelling procedure. Aphasiology. 2000;14(5–6):537–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Hula W, McNeil M, Doyle P, Rubinsky H, Fossett T. The inter-rater reliability of the story retell procedure. Aphasiology. 2003;17(5):523–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Brodsky MB, McNeil MR, Doyle PJ, Fossett TR, Timm NH, Park GH. Auditory serial position effects in story retelling for non-brain-injured participants and persons with aphasia. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2003;46(5):1124–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. McNeil MR, Doyle PJ, Park GH, Fossett TRD, Brodsky MB. Increasing the sensitivity of the story retell procedure for the discrimination of normal elderly subjects from persons with aphasia. Aphasiology. 2002;16(8):815–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Georgeadis A, Brennan D, Barker L, Baron C. Telerehabilitation and its effect on story retelling by adults with neurogenic communication disorders. Aphasiology. 2004;18(5–7):639–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Winans-Mitrik RL, Hula WD, Dickey MW, Schumacher JG, Swoyer B, Doyle PJ. Description of an intensive residential aphasia treatment program: rationale, clinical processes, and outcomes. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2014;23(2):S330.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. McNeil MR, Sung JE, Yang D, Pratt SR, Fossett TR, Doyle PJ, Pavelko S. Comparing connected language elicitation procedures in persons with aphasia: concurrent validation of the story retell procedure. Aphasiology. 2007;21(6–8):775–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Brookshire RH, Nicholas LE. Discourse comprehension test. Communication Skill Builders; 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Gallée J, Cordella C, Fedorenko E, Hochberg D, Touroutoglou A, Quimby M, Dickerson BC. Breakdowns in informativeness of naturalistic speech production in primary progressive aphasia. Brain Sci. 2021;11(2):130.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  63. Hilger A, Ramsberger G, Gilley P, Menn L, Kong A. Analysing speech problems in a longitudinal case study of logopenic variant PPA. Aphasiology. 2014;28(7):840–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Alyahya RS, Conroy P, Halai AD, Lambon Ralph MA. An efficient, accurate and clinically-applicable index of content word fluency in aphasia. Aphasiology. 2021;36(8):921–39.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. Nicholas LE, Brookshire RH. A system for quantifying the informativeness and efficiency of the connected speech of adults with aphasia. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 1993;36(2):338–50.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Boyle M. Test–retest stability of word retrieval in aphasic discourse. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2014;57(3):966–78.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Cameron RM, Wambaugh JL, Mauszycki SC. Individual variability on discourse measures over repeated sampling times in persons with aphasia. Aphasiology. 2010;24(6–8):671–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Murray LL, Holland AL, Beeson PM. Spoken language of individuals with mild fluent aphasia under focused and divided-attention conditions. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 1998;41(1):213–27.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Murray L, Ballard K, Karcher L. Linguistic specific treatment: just for Broca’s aphasia? Aphasiology. 2004;18(9):785–809.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Murray L, Timberlake A, Eberle R. Treatment of underlying forms in a discourse context. Aphasiology. 2007;21(2):139–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Altmann LJ, Hazamy AA, Carvajal PJ, Benjamin M, Rosenbek JC, Crosson B. Delayed stimulus-specific improvements in discourse following anomia treatment using an intentional gesture. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2014;57(2):439–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Gordon JK. Measuring the lexical semantics of picture description in aphasia. Aphasiology. 2008;22(7–8):839–52.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  73. Murray LL, Karcher L. A treatment for written verb retrieval and sentence construction skills. Aphasiology. 2000;14(5–6):585–602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Kendall DL, Rosenbek JC, Heilman KM, Conway T, Klenberg K, Gonzalez Rothi LJ, Nadeau SE. Phoneme-based rehabilitation of anomia in aphasia. Brain Lang. 2008;105(1):1–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Pritchard M, Hilari K, Cocks N, Dipper L. Reviewing the quality of discourse information measures in aphasia. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2017;52(6):689–732.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Wambaugh JL, Wright S, Mauszycki SC, Nessler C, Bailey D. Combined aphasia and apraxia of speech treatment (CAAST): systematic replications in the development of a novel treatment. Int J Speech Lang Pathol. 2017;20(2):247–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Rogers MA, Alarcon NB. Dissolution of spoken language in primary progressive aphasia. Aphasiology. 1998;12(7–8):635–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Faroqi-Shah Y, Gehman M. The role of processing speed and cognitive control on word retrieval in aging and aphasia. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2021;64(3):949–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Beales A, Whitworth A, Cartwright J, Panegyres PK, Kane RT. Determining stability in connected speech in primary progressive aphasia and Alzheimer’s disease. Int J Speech Lang Pathol. 2018;20(3):361–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Beales A, Whitworth A, Cartwright J. A review of lexical retrieval intervention in primary progressive aphasia and Alzheimer’s disease: mechanisms of change, generalisation, and cognition. Aphasiology. 2018;32(11):1360–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Paek EJ, Murray LL, Newman SD. Effects of concurrent action and object naming treatment on naming skills and functional brain activation patterns in primary progressive aphasia: an fMRI study with a case-series design. Brain Lang. 2021;218:104950.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Croot K, Taylor C, Abel S, Jones K, Krein L, Hameister I, Nickels L. Measuring gains in connected speech following treatment for word retrieval: a study with two participants with primary progressive aphasia. Aphasiology. 2014;29(11):1265–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Kim M. Effect of lexical retrieval cascade treatment on naming and discourse of individuals with logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA). Clin Arch Commun Disord. 2017;2(3):197–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Rogalski Y, Edmonds LA. Attentive reading and constrained summarisation (ARCS) treatment in primary progressive aphasia: a case study. Aphasiology. 2008;22(7–8):763–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Whitworth A, Cartwright J, Beales A, Leitão S, Panegyres PK, Kane R. Taking words to a new level: a preliminary investigation of discourse intervention in primary progressive aphasia. Aphasiology. 2017;32(11):1284–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Leaman MC, Edmonds LA. Revisiting the correct information unit: measuring informativeness in unstructured conversations in people with aphasia. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2019;28(3):1099–114.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Leaman MC, Edmonds LA. Assessing language in unstructured conversation in people with aphasia: methods, psychometric integrity, normative data, and comparison to a structured narrative task. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2021;64(11):4344–65.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  88. Marini A, Andreetta S, del Tin S, Carlomagno S. A multi-level approach to the analysis of narrative language in aphasia. Aphasiology. 2011;25(11):1372–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Nicholas LE, Brookshire RH. Comprehension of spoken narrative discourse by adults with aphasia, right-hemisphere brain damage, or traumatic brain injury. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 1995;4(3):69–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Armstrong E. Aphasic discourse analysis: the story so far. Aphasiology. 2000;14(9):875–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Kong AP-H. The use of main concept analysis to measure discourse production in Cantonese-speaking persons with aphasia: a preliminary report. J Commun Disord. 2009;42(6):442–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Kong AP-H. The main concept analysis in Cantonese aphasic oral discourse: external validation and monitoring chronic aphasia. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2011;54(1):148–59.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Yazu H, Kong AP-H, Yoshihata H, Okubo K. Adaptation and validation of the main concept analysis of spoken discourse by native Japanese adults. Clin Linguist Phon. 2021;36(1):17–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Kong AP-H. Main concept analysis for acquired deficits of spoken narratives: preliminary data on inter-rater agreement and potential application to the Korean-speaking population. Clin Arch Commun Disord. 2018;3(1):14–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Kong AP, Yeh CC. A Taiwanese Mandarin main concept analysis (TM-MCA) for quantification of aphasic oral discourse. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2015;50(5):580–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Kong AP-H, Whiteside J, Bargmann P. The main concept analysis: validation and sensitivity in differentiating discourse produced by unimpaired English speakers from individuals with aphasia and dementia of Alzheimer type. Logoped Phoniatr Vocol. 2015;41(3):129–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Kong AP. Dialectally-sensitive norms of the Spanish version of main concept analysis (Span-MCA) for quantifying neurogenically impaired spoken discourse. Rev Invest Logoped. 2021;11(2):e69932.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Criel Y, Deleu M, De Groote E, Bockstael A, Kong AP-H, De Letter M. The Dutch main concept analysis: translation and establishment of normative data. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2021;30(4):1750–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Kong AP-H, Ross A, Pettigrew C. A main concept analysis for aphasic discourse in Irish-English speakers. J Clin Speech Lang Stud. 2012;19(1):19–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. Kong AP-H. The Main Concept Analysis (MCA) for oral discourse production. Hong Kong: The Commercial Press (H.K.) Limited. 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Richardson JD, Dalton SG. Main concepts for three different discourse tasks in a large non-clinical sample. Aphasiology. 2015;30(1):45–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Richardson JD, Dalton SG. Main concepts for two picture description tasks: an addition to Richardson and Dalton, 2016. Aphasiology. 2019;34(1):119–36.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  103. Dalton SG, Richardson JD. A large-scale comparison of main concept production between persons with aphasia and persons without brain injury. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2019;28(1S):293–320.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  104. Kurland J, Liu A, Stokes P. Phase I test development for a brief assessment of transactional success in aphasia: methods and preliminary findings of main concepts in non-aphasic participants. Aphasiology. 2021;37(1):39–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. Hameister I, Nickels L. The cat in the tree—using picture descriptions to inform our understanding of conceptualisation in aphasia. Lang Cogn Neurosci. 2018;33(10):1296–314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. Rivera A, Hirst J, Edmonds LA. Evaluation of language predictors of main concept production in Spanish/English bilingual discourse using Nicholas and Brookshire stimuli. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2018;27(1):52–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Doyles PJ, McNeil MR, Spencer KA, Goda AJ, Cottrell K, Lustig AP. The effects of concurrent picture presentations on retelling of orally presented stories by adults with aphasia. Aphasiology. 1998;12(7–8):561–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  108. Stark JA. Content analysis of the fairy tale Cinderella–a longitudinal single-case study of narrative production: “from rags to riches”. Aphasiology. 2010;24(6–8):709–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  109. Fromm D, Forbes M, Holland A, Dalton SG, Richardson J, MacWhinney B. Discourse characteristics in aphasia beyond the western aphasia battery cutoff. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2017;26(3):762–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  110. Richardson JD, Hudspeth Dalton SG, Fromm D, Forbes M, Holland A, MacWhinney B. The relationship between confrontation naming and story gist production in aphasia. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2018;27(1S):406–22.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  111. Doyle PJ, Goda AJ, Spencer KA. The communicative informativeness and efficiency of connected discourse by adults with aphasia under structured and conversational sampling conditions. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 1995;4(4):130–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. Albright E, Purves B. Exploring sentence Shaper™: treatment and augmentative possibilities. Aphasiology. 2008;22(7–8):741–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. Avent J, Austermann S. Reciprocal scaffolding: a context for communication treatment in aphasia. Aphasiology. 2003;17(4):397–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  114. Coelho CA, McHugh RE, Boyle M. Semantic feature analysis as a treatment for aphasic dysnomia: a replication. Aphasiology. 2000;14(2):133–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  115. Capilouto GJ, Wright HH, Wagovich SA. CIU and main event analyses of the structured discourse of older and younger adults. J Commun Disord. 2005;38(6):431–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Capilouto GJ, Wright HH, Wagovich SA. Reliability of main event measurement in the discourse of individuals with aphasia. Aphasiology. 2006;20(2–4):205–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  117. Capilouto GJ, Wright HH, Maddy KMC. Microlinguistic processes that contribute to the ability to relay main events: influence of age. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2015;23(4):445–63.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  118. Kong AP, Linnik A, Law SP, Shum WW. Measuring discourse coherence in anomic aphasia using rhetorical structure theory. Int J Speech Lang Pathol. 2018;20(4):406–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Marini A, Carlomagno S, Caltagirone C, Nocentini U. The role played by the right hemisphere in the organization of complex textual structures. Brain Lang. 2005;93(1):46–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Andreetta S, Cantagallo A, Marini A. Narrative discourse in anomic aphasia. Neuropsychologia. 2012;50(8):1787–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Brisebois A, Brambati SM, Désilets-Barnabé M, Boucher J, García AO, Rochon E, Leonard C, Desautels A, Marcotte K. The importance of thematic informativeness in narrative discourse recovery in acute post-stroke aphasia. Aphasiology. 2019;34(4):472–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  122. Brisebois A, Brambati SM, Boucher J, Rochon E, Leonard C, Désilets-Barnabé M, Desautels A, Marcotte K. A longitudinal study of narrative discourse in post-stroke aphasia. Aphasiology. 2021;36(7):805–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  123. Henderson A, Kim H, Kintz S, Frisco N, Wright H. Working memory in aphasia: considering discourse processing and treatment implications. Semin Speech Lang. 2017;38(1):40–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Kim H, Kintz S, Zelnosky K, Wright HH. Measuring word retrieval in narrative discourse: core lexicon in aphasia. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2018;54(1):62–78.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  125. Kintz S, Wright HH. Discourse measurement in aphasia research. Aphasiology. 2017;32(4):472–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  126. Marcotte K, Lachance A, Brisebois A, Mazzocca P, Désilets-Barnabé M, Desjardins N, Brambati SM. Validation of videoconference administration of picture description from the western aphasia battery–revised in neurotypical Canadian French speakers. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2022;31(6):2825–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Duhigg CC, Strawn A, Uffer JQ, Hubbard HI, Adams J, Richardson JD. Combined computerized and virtual group treatment for persons with primary progressive aphasia. Poster session presented at: Academy of Aphasia; 2022; Virtual.

    Google Scholar 

  128. Greenslade KJ, Stuart JE, Richardson JD, Dalton SG, Ramage AE. Macrostructural analyses of Cinderella narratives in a large nonclinical sample. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2020;29(4):1923–36.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  129. Richardson JD, Dalton SG, Greenslade KJ, Jacks A, Haley KL, Adams J. Main concept, sequencing, and story grammar analyses of Cinderella narratives in a large sample of persons with aphasia. Brain Sci. 2021;11(1):110.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  130. Armstrong L, Brady M, Mackenzie C, Norrie J. Transcription-less analysis of aphasic discourse: a clinician’s dream or a possibility? Aphasiology. 2007;21(3–4):355–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  131. Miller J, Iglesias A. Systematic analysis of language transcripts (SALT). Research version. 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  132. Hunt KW. Grammatical structures written at three grade levels. NCTE research report no. 3. [Internet]. ERIC. 1964 [cited 2023 Jan 27]. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED113735

  133. Ulatowska HK, North AJ, Macaluso-Haynes S. Production of narrative and procedural discourse in aphasia. Brain Lang. 1981;13(2):345–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Lê K, Coelho C, Mozeiko J, Krueger F, Grafman J. Measuring goodness of story narratives: implications for traumatic brain injury. Aphasiology. 2011;25(6–7):748–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  135. Cavanaugh R, Dalton SG, Richardson JD. Technical session ASHA 2022. In: Novel web applications to facilitate discourse analysis in everyday clinical practice.

    Google Scholar 

  136. Cavanaugh R, Dalton SG, Richardson J. coreLexicon: an open-source web-app for scoring core lexicon analysis. R package version 0.0.1.0000. 2021. https://github.com/aphasia-apps/coreLexicon

  137. Cavanaugh R, Richardson J, Dalton SG. mainConcept: an open-source web-app for scoring main concept analysis. R package version 0.0.1.0000. 2021. https://github.com/aphasia-apps/mainConcept

  138. R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Version 4.0.3 [software]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. 2020. https://www.r-project.org/

  139. Chang W, Cheng J, Allaire J, Sievert C, Schloerke B, Xie Y, Allen J, McPherson J, Dipert A, Borges B. Shiny: web application framework for r [manual]. 2020. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=shiny

  140. MacWhinney B. From CHILDES to TalkBank. In: Research on child language acquisition. Somerville: Cascadilla; 2001. p. 17–34.

    Google Scholar 

  141. Jarrold W, Rofes A, Wilson S, Pressman P, Stabler E, Gorno-Tempini M. A “verbal thermometer” for assessing neurodegenerative disease: automated measurement of pronoun and verb ratio from speech. In: 42nd annual international conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). 2020 July 20. IEEE. pp. 5831–5837.

    Google Scholar 

  142. Torre IG, Romero M, Álvarez A. Improving aphasic speech recognition by using novel semi-supervised learning methods on AphasiaBank for English and Spanish. Appl Sci. 2021;11(19):8872.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Martin JL, Wright KE. Bias in automatic speech recognition: the case of African-American language. Appl Linguist. 2023;44:613–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Additional Resources

    Articles

    Books/Book Chapters

    • Coelho C, Cherney LR, Shadden BB, editors. Discourse analysis in adults with and without communication disorders: a resource for clinicians and researchers. Plural Publishing; 2022.

      Google Scholar 

    Online Resources

    Download references

    Acknowledgments

    As always, we are grateful for persons with aphasia who share their time and their stories with us so we can learn more about discourse and life participation. We thank the creators of AphasiaBank for developing the rich repository and for the many labs that so generously contribute to the database. We would also like to thank Dr. Rob Cavanaugh for his work developing the web-based MCA and CoreLex scoring apps.

    Author information

    Authors and Affiliations

    Authors

    Corresponding author

    Correspondence to Sarah Grace H. Dalton .

    Editor information

    Editors and Affiliations

    Rights and permissions

    Reprints and permissions

    Copyright information

    © 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

    About this chapter

    Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

    Cite this chapter

    Dalton, S.G.H., Richardson, J.D. (2023). Clinically Feasible Analysis of Discourse: Current State and Looking Forward. In: Kong, A.PH. (eds) Spoken Discourse Impairments in the Neurogenic Populations. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45190-4_12

    Download citation

    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45190-4_12

    • Published:

    • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

    • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-45189-8

    • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-45190-4

    • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

    Publish with us

    Policies and ethics