Abstract
Eggs are an affordable source of proteins, amino acids, minerals and vitamins. They contain an optimal balance of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Eggs provide a relatively inexpensive nutritious food source for a growing world population. Global egg production has increased from 50 to 85 million tonnes in the last 20 years and continues to increase. Increased number of rearing and laying facilities, bird selection to improve hen productivity under variable environmental conditions and the necessary increase in inputs like feed, energy, and water create challenges to meeting the burgeoning demand for sustainable production practices to help minimise environmental impact. While eggs have a relatively low environmental impact per kg of protein, compared to other livestock production, there is a continuous need to further reduce the environmental footprint. To this end, several factors need to be considered including economics, energy usage, global feedstuff transports, manure management, housing, length of laying cycle, production efficiency, sexing and good intestinal health, and disease management. Especially good intestinal health is essential to support sustainability measures, because it is central to nutrient utilisation, product quality and disease resistance of the hen, with feed additives having a key role to play. Amongst the variety of feed additives available for hens are plant-based additives that offer a potential advantage given their production is often rooted in sustainable practices. Documented effects of plant additives include enhancement of feed digestion and nutrient utilisation, enhanced antioxidant and immune status, improved liveability, mineral utilisation, egg quality and production and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Feed additives as a tool must have a clear benefit to improve efficiency/reduce environmental contaminants, while delivering a positive economic return. Of course, a return on investment is essential to ensure environmental sustainability of egg production.
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Harrington, D., Leach, M., Van Der Klis, J.D. (2023). Improving the Sustainability of Laying Hen Production Using Plant-Based Feed Additives. In: Arsenos, G., Giannenas, I. (eds) Sustainable Use of Feed Additives in Livestock. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42855-5_19
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