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Additive Manufacturing for Complex Geometries in Polymer Composites

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Advanced Composites

Abstract

This chapter focuses on reviewing different research related to additive manufacturing to generate complex geometries of polymer composites and their applications. As the Industry 4.0 takes off, the efforts to get smart manufacturing have become a critical topic for many countries in their national development strategies. Research has focused on the necessities of resource efficiency, creation, and innovation. In this sense, additive manufacturing plays a vital role in this new industrial revolution. This method has a significant advantage over traditional subtracting manufacture methods due to its ability to build complex geometries in polymer composites, generating the possibility to diversify their potential applications. Thus, this breakthrough technology can assist the construction of diverse composite materials for aerospace, aeronautics, marine, building, biomedical, and vehicle parts, among others. Thus, this chapter offers an introduction to additive manufacturing principles for polymeric composites with complex geometries for functional applications. Afterward, the investigations related to geometries in cores for sandwich structures in polymer composites are reviewed. Besides, cellular, auxetic, and other complex geometries properties and advances in polymer composites, and their focus to diverse possible applications such as building or biomedical materials are assessed and discussed. Finally, the future trends in polymer composites with complex geometries 3d printed are also analyzed.

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Abbreviations

ISO:

International Organization and Standardization

ASTM:

American Society for Testing and Materials

AM:

Additive Manufacturing

SM:

Subtractive manufacturing

FDM:

Fused deposition method

FFA:

Fully functional assemblies

MagFill:

Highly loaded magnetic compound

BVOH:

Butenediol vinyl alcohol copolymer

PLA:

Polylactic acid

TPU:

Thermoplastic Polyurethane

CNT:

Carbon nanotubes

GDS:

Gradient structures

B-rep:

Boundary representation

F-rep:

Function representation

RIM:

Reverse imaging modeling

CT:

Computed Tomography

Mri:

Scanning Magnetic Resonance

CELLMAT:

Cellular Architected Materials

CAD:

Computer-Aided Design

4D:

Fourth dimension

2D:

Two dimensions

3D :

Third dimension

FEA:

Finite Element Method

CAE:

Computer-Aided Engineering

CAM :

Computer-Aided Manufacturing

GD:

Generative Design

AI:

Artificial Intelligence

FRAM:

Fiber-Reinforced Additive Manufacturing

TOP:

Topology Optimization

STL:

Standard Triangulation Language

FFF:

Fused Filament Deposition

ABS:

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene

PCL :

Polycaprolactone

HA:

Hydroxyapatite

nHA:

Nanohydroxyapatite

PA6-I:

Polyamide 6-I

PETG:

Poly-ethylene terephthalate glycol copolymer

PLGA:

Polyglycolic acid

PUA:

Poly-urethane acrylate

CaCO3:

Calcium carbonate

MWCNTs:

Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

Fe3O4:

Iron oxide

PA 12:

Polyamide 12

CNF :

Carbon Nanofibers

Poly(NIPAM)-4PBA:

Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)-co-4-(acrylamidomethyl) phenylboronic acid)

PA:

Polyamide

Vf:

Volume Fraction

MCF:

Milled Carbon Fiber

RGO:

Reduced graphene oxide

UAV:

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

CFRCLSs :

Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Lightweight Composite Structures

CFRCHSs:

Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Composite Honeycomb Structures

CFFRP:

Continuous Flax-Fibers Reinforced Composites

SMM:

Shape Memory Materials

PED:

Precision Extruding Deposition

SEM :

Scanning Electron Microscopy

DIW :

Direct Ink Writing

MHDS:

Multi-Head Deposition System

ION :

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

mT:

Militesla

UV :

Ultraviolet

CaSiO3:

Wollastonite

LCE:

Liquid Crystal Elastomer

SLA :

Stereolithography

DLP :

Digital Light Processing

CDLP:

Continuous Digital Light Processing

CLIP:

Continuous Liquid Light Processing

PEGDA:

Poly(ethylene glycol) Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate

PEDOT: PSS:

Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)–poly(styrene sulfonate)

GNP :

Graphene Nanoplatelets

GO:

Graphene oxide

TPO:

Diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide

BNNP :

Boron nitride nanoplatelets

PSP:

Photosensitive Polymer

PCP:

Polysilazane preceramic polymer

GelMA:

Gelatin-methacryloyl

MPEG-PCL :

Poly(ethylene glycol) - poly(3-caprolactone)

PtO2:

Platinum(IV) oxide

WO 3 :

Tungsten trioxide

phr:

Parts Per Hundred

DMSO:

Dimethyl Sulfoxide

MPLS:

Mask Projection Stereolithography

UV–vis :

Ultraviolet-Visible

SMP:

Shape Memory Polymers

PDC:

Polymer-Derived Composites

AgNO3:

Silver Nitrate

LEDs:

Light-emitting diodes

HASEL:

Electrohydraulic Tentacles Actuators

SLS:

Selective Laser Sintering

TMPS:

Triply periodic minimal surface

PHBV:

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate

SWCNTs:

Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

PVP:

Polyvinylpyrrolidone

TEM:

Transmission Electron Microscopy

H2SO4:

Sulfuric Acid

HNO3:

Nitric Acid

AKM:

Akermanite Ca2Mg [Si2O7]

µ-CT:

Microcomputed Tomography

Silres MK:

Polymethylsilsesquioxane Resin

(CH3 –SiO3/2)x:

Ceramic Silicone Powder

SiC:

Silicon carbide

SiCN:

Silicon –Carbon–Nitrogen Ceramic

BN:

Boron Nitride

PET:

Polyethylene Terephthalate

MLA:

Microlens Arrays

EFD:

Electric-Field-Driven

PDMS:

Polydimethylsiloxane

SHL:

Sheet Lamination

LOM:

Laminated Object Manufacturing

PVA :

Polyvinyl Acetate

PI:

Polyimide

EG:

Ethylene Glicol

LIG:

Laser Induced Graphene Foam

ZnO :

Zinc oxide

µCOP:

Microscale Continuous Optical

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López-Barroso, J., Flores-Hernández, C., Martínez-Hernández, A., Martínez-Barrera, G., Velasco-Santos, C. (2024). Additive Manufacturing for Complex Geometries in Polymer Composites. In: Ikhmayies, S.J. (eds) Advanced Composites. Advances in Material Research and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42731-2_5

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