Epigenetic Alterations in Pancreatic Cancer

Bulbul, Cincin Zeynep; Volkan, Bulbul Muhammed; Soner, Sahin

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-42365-9_8

Cincin Zeynep Bulbul^4,5,
Bulbul Muhammed Volkan^5,6 &
Sahin Soner^5,7

Part of the book series: Epigenetics and Human Health ((EHH,volume 11))

228 Accesses

Abstract

The occurrence of pancreatic cancer (PC) is presented to have risen in the past few years. Pancreatic cancer includes 5% of all cancer-related deaths and almost 2% of existing cancer types. Pancreatic tumors can be categorized as endocrine pancreatic tumors and non-endocrine pancreatic tumors. The significant symptoms will usually not be determined until the advanced metastasis stage. Research in understanding the mechanism of pancreatic cancer focuses on genetic and epigenetic changes using high-throughput genomic sequencing techniques. The epigenetic alterations and genetic abnormalities could lead to tumor progression through increasing oncogene expression, the proliferation of tumor cells, or suppressing tumor suppressor gene expressions with various adaptations. In pancreatic cancer, the progression of tumor metastasis could be related to epigenetic changes, including hypomethylation and hypermethylation of DNA and histone modifications. In today’s world, which is also described as the post-genomic era, the epigenetic foundations of cancer development reveal revolutionary results in cancer genetics and provide the development of promising new methods in cancer treatment. This book chapter discusses epigenetic changes based on methylation, demethylation, and histone modification mechanisms in pancreatic cancer.

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Abbreviations

2-OG :: 2-Oxoglutarate
5-hmC :: 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine
5-mC:: 5-Methylcytosine
AKT :: Protein kinase B
CDK :: Cyclin-dependent kinase
CDKN2A :: Cyclin-dependent tumor inhibitor 2A
c-Myc :: Transcriptional regulator Myc-like
DCLK1:: Doublecortin like kinase 1
DNMT:: DNA methyltransferase
EGFR :: Epidermal growth factor receptor
EMT :: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition
EZH2:: Enhancer of zeste homolog 2
FAD:: Flavin adenine dinucleotide
FBW7 :: F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7
GC:: Guanine-cytosine
GDP:: Guanine diphosphate
GTP :: Guanine triphosphate
H3 :: Histone 3
H4 :: Histone 4
JMJD :: Jumonji domain containing protein
K :: Lysine
KDM :: Histone lysine demethylase
KLF :: Kruppel-like factor 1
KMT:: Lysine methyl transferase
KRAS :: Kirsten rat sarcoma virus
LncRNA :: Long-coding RNA
MBD :: Methyl-CpG-binding domain
MPC1:: Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier-I
MTAP :: Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase
PanIN :: Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms
PC :: Pancreatic cancer
PDAC:: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
PR C2 :: Polycomb repressive complex 2
PRMT :: The protein arginine N-methyltransferase
R :: Arginine
RFXAP :: Regulatory X-related protein
SATB :: Specific AT-rich sequence binding protein
SMAD4 :: SMAD family member 4
SMYD :: Set and MYND domain protein
SWI/SNF :: Switching defective/sucrosenon-fermenting complex
TDG :: Thymine DNA glycosylase
TET :: Ten eleven translocases
TF :: Transcription factor
TGF-β:: Transforming growth factor β
TP53 :: Tumor protein 53
WNK2 :: WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 2
ZEB1 :: Zinc Finger E-Box Binding Homeobox 1

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Istanbul Nisantaşı University, Medical Faculty, Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
Cincin Zeynep Bulbul
Istanbul Nisantaşı University, Health Ecosystem, Istanbul, Turkey
Cincin Zeynep Bulbul, Bulbul Muhammed Volkan & Sahin Soner
Istanbul Nisantaşı University, Medical Faculty, Histology and Embryology, Istanbul, Turkey
Bulbul Muhammed Volkan
Istanbul Nisantaşı University, Medical Faculty, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
Sahin Soner

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Cincin Zeynep Bulbul
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Bulbul Muhammed Volkan
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Sahin Soner
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Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, European University of Lefke, Lefke, Northern Cyprus, via Mersin, Türkiye
Rasime Kalkan

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Bulbul, C.Z., Volkan, B.M., Soner, S. (2023). Epigenetic Alterations in Pancreatic Cancer. In: Kalkan, R. (eds) Cancer Epigenetics. Epigenetics and Human Health, vol 11. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42365-9_8

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