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Mechanisms and Responses to Enhancing Pollutants Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants

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Climate-Resilient Agriculture, Vol 2

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Abstract

Plants are very robust and tolerant group of organisms in the nature. They face all environmental changes in static conditions by evolving and developing morpho-anatomical structures and physio-biochemical mechanisms. Various man-made substances acting as pollutants have entered into the environment and causing pollution have posed danger and risk to the ecosystem health and badly affected all organisms including the crop plants. The nature of pollutants is solid (paper, tin, heavy metals, toxic metals, metalloids, plastics); liquid (oil spills, pesticides, detergents); gases (CO, CH4, NOx, SO2, SF6, CFC and PFC); and radiations (ozone, X-rays, UV-radiation, radioactive radiation). These pollutants are present in various concentrations and amounts and have different impacts on crop plants. The effects are visible ultimately as decline in production and productivity of crops. Plants have evolved diverse mechanisms in responses to pollutants to counteract the pollution stress. It can be seen as bioaccumulation, biomass partitioning, detoxification, modification, phytochelation, biotransformation, exclusion, increased hormone, and metabolites synthesis. Some of these mechanisms are general in nature, while others are species-specific, depending upon the type and nature of the pollution stress that shows various responses in relation with nature and type of pollutants and interaction with plant. These responses are visible at morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. These responses are an outcome of tolerance capacity of the plant. The pollutant and plant interaction further give rise to clues to help plant to evolve against the pollutant. The diverse and ever-rising threat of pollutant has made human being conscious to regulate, control, and protect the ecosystem. It has pushed to invent and use novel tools and techniques that help to overcome or clean up the environment. These innovative techniques are nanotechnology, bioremediation, use of unmanned aerial vehicle, and modern biotechnological tools. They help to develop tolerant crops by either classical or modern biotechnology tools to meet the rising need of human population across globe.

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  1. Department of Botany, Multanimal Modi College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Arun Kumar Maurya

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  1. Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Mirza Hasanuzzaman

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Maurya, A.K. (2023). Mechanisms and Responses to Enhancing Pollutants Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants. In: Hasanuzzaman, M. (eds) Climate-Resilient Agriculture, Vol 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37428-9_23

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