Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a grid of interconnected pre-programmed electronic devices to provide intelligent services for daily life tasks. However, the security of such networks is a considerable obstacle to successful implementation. Therefore, developing intelligent security systems for IoT is the need of the hour. This study investigates the performances of different Ensemble Learning (EL) approaches applied for intrusion detection in the IoT sensors’ telemetry data. We compare the accuracy of various EL approaches in homogeneous and heterogeneous combinations using bagging, boosting, and stacking strategies. These EL approaches apply well-known Machine Learning (ML) models such as Decision Tree (DT), Naıve Bayes (NB), Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and linear Support Vector Machine (SVM). We evaluate and compare EL approaches for binary and multi-class classification tasks on the ToN-IoT Telemetry dataset for intrusion detection. The results show that stacking EL outperform stand-alone ML algorithms-based classifiers as well as bagging and boosting.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Raghuvanshi, A., Singh, U.K., Joshi, C.: A review of various security and privacy innovations for IoT applications in healthcare. In: Advanced Healthcare Systems: Empowering Physicians with IoT-Enabled Technologies, pp. 43–58 (2022)
Isaac Abiodun, O., et al.: A review on the security of the internet of things: challenges and solutions. Wireless Personal Commun. 1–35 (2021)
Al-A’araji, N.H., Al-Mamory, S.O., Al-Shakarchi, A.H.: Classification and clustering based ensemble techniques for intrusion detection systems: a survey. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1818, 012106 (2021)
Zarpelao, B.B., Miani, R.S., Kawakani, C.T., Carlisto de Alvarenga, S.: A survey of intrusion detection in internet of things. J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 84, 25–37 (2017)
Bhati, B.S., Chugh, G., Al-Turjman, F., Bhati, N.S.: An improved ensemble based intrusion detection technique using XGboost. Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. Technol. 32(6), e4076 (2021)
Roesch, M., et al.: Snort: lightweight intrusion detection for networks. Lisa 99, 229–238 (1999)
Singh, J., Nene, M.J.: A survey on machine learning techniques for intrusion detection systems. Int. J. Adv. Res. Comput. Commun. Eng. 2(11), 4349–4355 (2013)
Belouch, M., El hadaj, S.: Comparison of ensemble learning methods applied to network intrusion detection. In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Internet of things, Data and Cloud Computing, pp. 1–4 (2017)
Catarinucci, L., et al.: An IoT-aware architecture for smart healthcare systems. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2(6), 515–526 (2015)
Yassine, A., Singh, S., Hossain, M.S., Muhammad, G.: IoT big data analytics for smart homes with fog and cloud computing. Future Generation Comput. Syst. 91, 563–573 (2019)
Caragliu, A., Bo, C.D., Nijkamp, P.: Smart cities in europe. J. Urban Technol. 18(2), 65–82 (2011)
Saarika, P.S., Sandhya, K., Sudha, T.: Smart transportation system using IoT. In: 2017 International Conference On Smart Technologies For Smart Nation (Smart- TechCon), pp. 1104–1107. IEEE (2017)
Jayaram, A.: Smart retail 4.0 IoT consumer retailer model for retail intelligence and strategic marketing of in-store products. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Business Horizon-INBUSH ERA-2017, Noida, India, 9 (2017)
Ali, S., Shakeel, M.H., Khan, I., Faizullah, S., Khan, M.S.: Predicting attributes of nodes using network structure. ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol. 12(2) (2021)
Mansoor, H., Ali, S., Khan, I., Arshad, N., Khan, M.A., Faizullah, S.: Short-term load forecasting using ami data. ArXiv preprint (2022)
Ali, S., Mansoor, H., Arshad, N., Khan, I.: Short term load forecasting using smart meter data. In: Proceedings of the Tenth ACM International Conference on Future Energy Systems, e-Energy 2019, pp. 419–421. ACM (2019)
Ali, S., Mansoor, H., Khan, I., Arshad, N., Faizullah, S., Khan, M.A.: Fair allocation based soft load shedding. In: Intelligent Systems and Applications, pp. 407–424. Springer (2020)
Granjal, J., Monteiro, E., Silva, J.S.: Security for the internet of things: a survey of existing protocols and open research issues. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials, 17(3), 1294–1312 (2015)
Khan, M.A., Salah, K.: Lotsecurity: review, blockchain solutions, and open challenges. Future Generation Comput. Syst. 82, 395–411 (2018)
Faizullah, S., Khan, M.A., Alzahrani, A., Khan, I.: Permissioned blockchain-based security for SDN in IoT cloud networks. In: 2019 International Conference on Advances in the Emerging Computing Technologies (AECT), pp. 1–6 (2020)
Zhou, J., Cao, Z., Dong, X., Vasilakos, A.V.: Security and privacy for cloud-based IoT: challenges. IEEE Commun. Mag. 55(1), 26–33 (2017)
Ali, S., et al.: Detecting DDOS attack on SDN due to vulnerabilities in openflow. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in the Emerging Computing Technologies (AECT), pp. 1–6. IEEE (2020)
Moustafa, N., Turnbull, B., Raymond Choo, K.K.: An ensemble intrusion detection technique based on proposed statistical flow features for protecting network traffic of internet of things. IEEE Internet of Things J. 6(3), 4815–4830 (2018)
Primartha, R., Tama, B.A.: Anomaly detection using random forest: a performance revisited. In: 2017 International Conference on Data and Software Engineering (ICoDSE), pp. 1–6. IEEE (2017)
Verma, A., Ranga, V.: Elnids: ensemble learning based network intrusion detection system for RPL based internet of things. In: 2019 4th International Conference on Internet of Things: Smart Innovation and Usages (IoT-SIU), pp. 1–6. IEEE (2019)
Wang, Y., Shen, Y., Zhang, G.: Research on intrusion detection model using ensemble learning methods. In: 2016 7th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS), pp. 422–425. IEEE (2016)
Tama, B.A., Comuzzi, M., Rhee, K.-H.: TSE-IDS: a two-stage classifier ensemble for intelligent anomaly-based intrusion detection system. IEEE Access, 7, 94497–94507 (2019)
Elijah, A.V., Abdullah, A., Jhanjhi, N., Supramaniam, M., Abdullateef, B.: Ensemble and deep-learning methods for two-class and multi-attack anomaly intrusion detection: an empirical study. Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl 10(9), 520–528 (2019)
Priya, V., Sumaiya Thaseen, I., Gadekallu, T.R., Aboudaif, M.K., Nasr, E.A.: Robust attack detection approach for IIoT using ensemble classifier. arXiv preprint arXiv:2102.01515 (2021)
Alsaedi, A., Moustafa, N., Tari, Z., Mahmood, A., Anwar, A.: Ton IoT telemetry dataset: a new generation dataset of IoT and IIoT for data- driven intrusion detection systems. IEEE Access, 8, 165130–165150 (2020)
Dasarathy, B.V., Sheela, B.V.: A composite classifier system design: concepts and methodology. Proc. IEEE, 67(5), 708–713 (1979)
Alyasiri, H.: Developing Efficient and Effective Intrusion Detection System using Evolutionary Computation. PhD thesis, University of York (2018)
G´eron, A.: Hands-on machine learning with Scikit-Learn, Keras, and TensorFlow: Concepts, tools, and techniques to build intelligent systems. O’Reilly Media (2019)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Naz, N. et al. (2023). A Comparison of Ensemble Learning for Intrusion Detection in Telemetry Data. In: Saeed, F., Mohammed, F., Mohammed, E., Al-Hadhrami, T., Al-Sarem, M. (eds) Advances on Intelligent Computing and Data Science. ICACIn 2022. Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies, vol 179. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36258-3_40
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36258-3_40
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-36257-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-36258-3
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)