Abstract
The effects of horse riding are well recognized, as it brings physical and psychological benefits to individuals of all ages. Consequently, it has been used for curative and therapeutic purposes, commonly known as hippotherapy. Moreover, researchers have proven that adding virtual reality (VR) to traditional treatment methods has a huge positive impact on mental and physical rehabilitation, so creating a VR hippotherapy simulator can help many patients even more than the traditional technique. At the same time, the senior population is constantly growing, and the ageing process causes changes in physiological, neurological, and psychosocial aspects that must be prevented and treated to promote an active and healthy ageing. The aim of this paper is to outline a model proposal of a hippotherapy simulator using 360º VR for senior citizens. Affordable options, accessibility issues and inclusive methods are considered in this proposal, providing maneuverable and adaptable strategies for the development of similar artifacts.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Https://eu.zwift.com/ [Accessed February 2023].
- 2.
Https://www.holodia.com/ [Accessed February 2023].
- 3.
Https://www.google.com/streetview/ [Accessed January 2023].
References
AHA: The American Hippotherapy Association, Inc. American Hippotherapy Association (2020). https://www.americanhippotherapyassociation.org/. Retrieved 2 Jan 2023
Ahmadpour, N., Randall, H., Choksi, H., Gao, A., Vaughan, C., Poronnik, P.: Virtual reality interventions for acute and chronic pain management. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 114, 105568 (2019). Pmid:31306747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105568
Anderson, F., Annett, M., Bischof, W.F., Boulanger, P.: Virtual equine assisted therapy. In: 2010 IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (VR) (2010). https://doi.org/10.1109/vr.2010.5444776
Atun-Einy, O., Lotan, M.: A systematic review of hippotherapy (horseback riding) for individuals with autism is the cognitive level considered? Autism-Open Access 07(04) (2017). https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000215
Audi, M., Barrozo, A.L., Perin, B.D., Frota, J.B., Braccialli, L.M.: Realidade Virtual Como Ferramenta para reabilitação: Estudo de Caso. Revista Educação Especial 31(60), 153 (2018). https://doi.org/10.5902/1984686x19806
Bachi, K.: Equine-facilitated prison-based programs within the context of prison-based animal programs: state of the science review. J. Offender Rehabil. 52(1), 46 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2012.734371
Bailey, M. (2017). Zwift: The story behind the indoor cycling phenomenon. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health-fitness/body/zwift-story-behind-indoor-cycling-phenomenon/. Retrieved Feb 2023
Bavelier, D., Green, C.S., Pouget, A., Schrater, P.: Brain plasticity through the life span: learning to learn and action video games. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 35(1), 391–416 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-152832
Beinotti, F., Christofoletti, G., Correia, N., Borges, G.: Effects of horseback riding therapy on quality of life in patients post stroke. Top. Stroke Rehabil. 20(3), 226–232 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1310/tsr2003-226
Beinotti, F., Correia, N., Christofoletti, G., Borges, G.: Use of hippotherapy in gait training for hemiparetic post-stroke. Arq. Neuropsiquiatr. 68(6), 908–913 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2010000600015111
Bermejo-Berros, J., Gil Martínez, M.A.: The relationships between the exploration of virtual space, its presence and entertainment in virtual reality, 360º and 2D. Virtual Reality 25(4), 1043–1059 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-021-00510-9
Borges, M.B., Werneck, M.J., de Silva, M., Gandolfi, L., Pratesi, R.: Therapeutic effects of a horse riding simulator in children with cerebral palsy. Arq. Neuropsiquiatr. 69(5), 799–804 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2011000600014
Butler, A.C., Chapman, J.E., Forman, E.M., Beck, A.T.: The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 26(1), 17–31 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2005.07.003
Campelo, A.M., Hashim, J.A., Weisberg, A., Katz, L.: Virtual rehabilitation in the elderly: benefits, issues, and considerations. In: 2017 International Conference on Virtual Rehabilitation (ICVR), pp. 1–2. IEEE (2017)
Cano Porras, D., Siemonsma, P., Inzelberg, R., Zeilig, G., Plotnik, M.: Advantages of virtual reality in the rehabilitation of balance and gait. Neurology 90(22), 1017–1025 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000005603
Champagne, D., Dugas, C.: Improving gross motor function and postural control with hippotherapy in children with down syndrome: case reports. Physiother. Theory Pract. 26(8), 564–571 (2010). https://doi.org/10.3109/09593981003623659
Chang, H.J., Jung, Y.G., Park, Y.S., O, S.H., Kim, D.H., Kim, C.W.: Virtual reality- incorporated horse riding simulator to improve motor function and balance in children with cerebral palsy: a pilot study. Sensors 21(19), 6394 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/s21196394
Chen, Y., Gao, Q., He, C.-Q., Bian, R.: Effect of virtual reality on balance in individuals with Parkinson disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phys. Ther. 100(6), 933–945 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzaa042
Cho, D.R., Lee, S.H.: Effects of virtual reality immersive training with computerized cognitive training on cognitive function and activities of daily living performance in patients with acute stage stroke: a preliminary randomized controlled trial. Medicine 98(11), e14752 (2019). Pmid:30882644. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000014752
Cho, W.-S., Kim, Y.-N., Park, J.-S., Jin, H.-K.: The effects of ability to balance posture and proprioception by horse riding simulator and galvanic vestibular stimulation. Phys. Therapy Korea 19(2), 39–47 (2012). https://doi.org/10.12674/ptk.2012.19.2.039
Conner, N.O., et al.: Virtual reality induced symptoms and effects: concerns, causes, assessment & mitigation. Virtual Worlds 1(2), 130–146 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/virtualworlds1020008
Czaja, S.J., Sharit, J.: Designing training and instructional programs for older adults. CRC Press (2016). https://doi.org/10.1201/b13018
Dabelko-Schoeny, H., et al.: Equine-assisted intervention for people with dementia. Anthrozoös 27, 141–155 (2014). https://doi.org/10.2752/175303714X13837396326611
de Araújo, T.B., de Oliveira, R.J., Martins, W.R., de Moura Pereira, M., Copetti, F., Safons, M.P.: Effects of hippotherapy on mobility, strength and balance in elderly. Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. 56(3), 478–481 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2012.12.007
Diniz, L.H., et al.: Impact of hippotherapy for balance improvement and flexibility in elderly people. J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther. 24(2), 92–97 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.10.002
Dunning, K., Levine, P., Schmitt, L., Israel, S., Fulk, G.: An ankle to computer virtual reality system for improving gait and function in a person 9 months poststroke. Top. Stroke Rehabil. 15(6), 602–610 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1310/tsr1506-602
Erdman, E.A., Pierce, S.R.: Use of hippotherapy with a boy after traumatic brain injury. Pediatr. Phys. Ther. 28(1), 109–116 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1097/pep.0000000000000204
Feng, H., et al.: Virtual reality rehabilitation versus conventional physical therapy for improving balance and gait in Parkinson’s disease patients: a randomized controlled trial. Med. Sci. Monit. 25, 4186–4192 (2019). https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.916455
Ferguson, C., Shade, M.Y., Blaskewicz Boron, J., Lyden, E., Manley, N.A.: Virtual reality for therapeutic recreation in dementia hospice care: a feasibility study. Am. J. Hospice Palliative Care 37(10), 809–815 (2020). Pmid:31975609. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049909120901525
Fields, B., Bruemmer, J., Gloeckner, G., Wood, W.: Influence of an equine-assisted activities program on dementia-specific quality of life. Am. J. Alzheimer’s Disease Other Dementias 33, 309–317 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1177/1533317518772052
Fisk, A.D., Rogers, W.A., Charness, N., Czaja, S.J., Sharit, J.: Designing for Older Adults – Principles and Creative Humane Factors Approaches, 2nd edn. Taylor & Francis, London (2009). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203485729
Flynn, E., Zoller, A.G., Gandenberger, J., Morris, K.N.: Improving engagement in behavioral and mental health services through animal-assisted interventions: a scoping review. Psychiatr. Serv. 73(2), 188–195 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.202000585
García-Betances, R.I., Jiménez-Mixco, V., Arredondo, M.T., CabreraUmpiérrez, M.F.: Using virtual reality for cognitive training of the elderly. Am. J. Alzheimer’s Disease Other Dementias 30(1), 49–54 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1177/1533317514545866
Gerardi, M., Cukor, J., Difede, J., Rizzo, A., Rothbaum, B.O.: Virtual reality exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder and other anxiety disorders. Curr. Psychiatry Rep. 12(4), 298–305 (2010). Pmid:20535592. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-010-0128-4
Hamczyk, M.R., Nevado, R.M., Barettino, A., Fuster, V., Andrés, V.: Biological versus chronological aging. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 75(8), 919–930 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.11.062
Hilliere, C., Collado-Mateo, D., Villafaina, S., Duque-Fonseca, P., Parraça, J.A.: Benefits of hippotherapy and horse riding simulation exercise on healthy older adults: a systematic review. PM&R 10(10), 1062–1072 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2018.03.019
Holodia: Holofit - multisport VR fitness for your home & gym. HOLOFIT by Holodia (2022). https://www.holodia.com/. Retrieved Feb 2023
Howard, M.C.: A meta-analysis and systematic literature review of Virtual reality rehabilitation programs. Comput. Hum. Behav. 70, 317–327 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.01.013
Hsieh, W.-T.: Virtual reality video promotes effectiveness in advance care planning. BMC Palliative Care 19(1) (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-020-00634-w
Ihara, M., Ihara, M., Doumura, M.: Effect of therapeutic riding on functional scoliosis as observed by roentgenography. Pediatr. Int. 54(1), 160–162 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200x.2011.03456.x
Ioannou, A., Papastavrou, E., Avraamides, M.N., Charalambous, A.: Virtual reality and symptoms management of anxiety, depression, fatigue, and pain: a systematic review. SAGE Open Nurs. 6, 1–13 (2020). Pmid:33415290. https://doi.org/10.1177/2377960820936163
Johnson, R.A., et al.: Effects of therapeutic horseback riding on post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans. Mil. Med. Res. 5(1), 3 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-018-0149-6
Jones, M.G., Rice, S.M., Cotton, S.M.: Incorporating animal-assisted therapy in mental health treatments for adolescents: a systematic review of canine assisted psychotherapy. PLOS ONE 14(1) (2019). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210761
Kaplan, D.B., Berkman, B.J.: Introduction to social issues affecting older people - older people's health issues. MSD Manual Consumer Version (2021). https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/older-people%E2%80%99s-health-issues/social-issues-affecting-older-people/introduction-to-social-issues-affecting-older-people. Retrieved Feb 2023
Kayser, L., Karnoe, A., Duminski, E., Somekh, D., Vera-Muñoz, C.: A new understanding of health related empowerment in the context of an active and healthy ageing. BMC Health Serv. Res. 19(1) (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4082-5
Kern-Godal, A., Brenna, I.H., Arnevik, E.A., Ravndal, E.: More than just a break from treatment: how substance use disorder patients experience the stable environment in horse-assisted therapy. Substance Abuse: Res. Treatment 10, 98–108 (2016). https://doi.org/10.4137/SART.S40475
Kim, H.W., Nam, K.S., Son, S.M.: Effects of virtual reality horse riding simulator training using a head-mounted display on balance and gait functions in children with cerebral palsy: a preliminary pilot study. J. Korean Phys. Therapy 31(5), 273–278 (2019). https://doi.org/10.18857/jkpt.2019.31.5.273
Kim, S.-G., Lee, J.-H.: The effects of horse riding simulation exercise on muscle activation and limits of stability in the elderly. Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. 60(1), 62–65 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2014.10.018
Kirkwood, T.B.: A systematic look at an old problem. Nature 451(7179), 644–647 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/451644a
Koca, T.T., Ataseven, H.: What is hippotherapy? The indications and effectiveness of hippotherapy. Northern Clinics of Istanbul 15(2), 247–252 (2016). https://doi.org/10.14744/nci.2016.71601
Kuczyński, M., Słonka, K.: Influence of artificial saddle riding on postural stability in children with cerebral palsy. Gait Posture 10(2), 154–160 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0966-6362(99)00028-4
Lee, C.-W., Kim, S.G., Na, S.S.: The effects of hippotherapy and a horse riding simulator on the balance of children with cerebral palsy. J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 26(3), 423–425 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.26.423
Lee, K., Dabelko-Schoeny, H., Jedlicka, H., Burns, T.: Older adults’ perceived benefits of equine-assisted psychotherapy: Implications for social work. Res. Soc. Work. Pract. 30(4), 399–407 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731519890399
Lee, P.-T., Dakin, E., McLure, M.: Narrative synthesis of equine-assisted psychotherapy literature: current knowledge and future research directions. Health Soc. Care Community 24(3), 225–246 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12201
Lee, S.Y., Kang, J.: Effect of virtual reality meditation on sleep quality of intensive care unit patients: a randomised controlled trial. Intensive Crit. Care Nurs. 59, 102849 (2020). PMid:32241625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2020.102849
Lermontov, T.: A psicomotricidadena equoterapia. Idéias e Letras (2004)
Malcolm, R., Ecks, S., Pickersgill, M.: It just opens up their world: autism, empathy, and the therapeutic effects of equine interactions. Anthropol. Med. 25(2), 220–234 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2017.1291115
Marchand, W.R., Andersen, S.J., Smith, J.E., Hoopes, K.H., Carlson, J.K.: Equine- assisted activities and therapies for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: current state, challenges and future directions. Chronic Stress 5, 247054702199155 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1177/2470547021991556
Marcoen, A., Coleman, P.G., O'Hanlon, A.: Psychological Ageing. Ageing in Society: European Perspectives on Gerontology, pp. 38–67 (2007). https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446278918.n3
Maresca, G., et al.: Hippotherapy in neurodevelopmental disorders: a narrative review focusing on cognitive and behavioral outcomes. Appl. Neuropsychol. Child 11(3), 553–560 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2020.1852084
McAvinue, L.P., et al.: Sustained attention, attentional selectivity, and attentional capacity across the lifespan. Atten. Percept. Psychophys. 74(8), 1570–1582 (2012). https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-012-0352-6
Mikołajczyk, E., Ligęza, B., Jankowicz-Szymańska, A.: The effect of hippotherapy on postural balance. Eur. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 15(1), 45–49 (2017). https://doi.org/10.15584/ejcem.2017.1.7
Merians, A.S., Tunik, E., Adamovich, S.V.: Virtual reality to maximize function for hand and arm rehabilitation: exploration of neural mechanisms. Stud. Health Technol. Inform. 145, 109–125 (2009)
Murdoch, M., Davies, J.: Spiritual and affective responses to a physical church and corresponding virtual model. Cyberpsychol. Behav. Soc. Network. 20(11), 702–708 (2017). PMid:29072960. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2017.0249
Park, J., Lee, D., Lee, S.: Effect of virtual reality exercise using the nintendo wii fit on muscle activities of the trunk and lower extremities of normal adults. J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 26(2), 271–273 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.26.271
Park, J., Lee, S., Lee, J., Lee, D.: The effects of horseback riding simulator exercise on postural balance of chronic stroke patients. J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 25(9), 1169–1172 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.25.1169
Pettersson, I., Karlsson, M.A., Ghiurau, F.T.: Virtually the same experience?: learning from user experience evaluation of in-vehicle systems in VR and in the field. In: Proceedings of the 2019 on Designing Interactive Systems Conference (2019). https://doi.org/10.1145/3322276.3322288
Popa-Wagner, A., Petcu, E.B., Capitanescu, B., Hermann, D.M., Radu, E., Gresita, A.: Ageing as a risk factor for cerebral ischemia: underlying mechanisms and therapy in animal models and in the clinic. Mech. Ageing Dev. 190, 111312 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2020.111312
Portaro, S., Bramanti, P.: Why do we apply hippotherapy in neurological diseases? A brief overview and future perspectives. Int. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 4(4) (2016). https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9096.1000e117
Rahbar, M., Salekzamani, Y., Jahanjou, F., Eslamian, F., Niroumand, A., Dolatkhah, N.: Effect of hippotherapy simulator on pain, disability and range of motion of the spinal column in subjects with mechanical low back pain: a randomized single-blind clinical trial. J. Back Musculoskelet. Rehabil. 31(6), 1183–1192 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3233/bmr-170832
Rigby, B.R., Grandjean, P.W.: The efficacy of equine-assisted activities and therapies on improving physical function. J. Altern. Complement. Med. 22(1), 9–24 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2015.0171
Rizzo, A.S., Kim, G.J.: A SWOT analysis of the field of virtual reality rehabilitation and therapy. Presence: Teleoper. Virtual Environ. 14(2), 119–146 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1162/1054746053967094
Rojas-Valverde, D., Córdoba-Blanco, J.M., González-Salazar, L.: Cyclists or avatars: is virtual cycling filling a short-term void during COVID-19 lockdown? Manag. Sport Leis. 27(1–2), 158–162 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2021.1879665
Rose, T., Nam, C.S., Chen, K.B.: Immersion of virtual reality for rehabilitation - review. Appl. Ergon. 69, 153–161 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2018.01.009
Shaw, B.A., Krause, N., Liang, J., Bennett, J.: Tracking changes in social relations throughout late life. J. Gerontol. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci. 62(2), 90–99 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/62.2.s90
Sheade, H.E.: Practice of equine-assisted counseling and psychotherapy across the lifespan. Equine-Assist. Counsel. Psychother. 102–111 (2020). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351257565-8
Silkwood-Sherer, D.J., Killian, C.B., Long, T.M., Martin, K.S.: Hippotherapy – an intervention to habilitate balance deficits in children with movement disorders: a clinical trial. Phys. Ther. 92(5), 707–717 (2012). https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20110081
Steinberg, S.I., et al.: Subjective memory complaints, cognitive performance, and psychological factors in healthy older adults. Am. J. Alzheimers Dis. Other Demen. 28(8), 776–783 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1177/1533317513504817
Taylor, H.O., Taylor, R.J., Nguyen, A.W., Chatters, L.: Social isolation, depression, and psychological distress among older adults. J. Aging Health 30(2), 229–246 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264316673511
Temcharoensuk, P., Lekskulchai, R., Akamanon, C., Ritruechai, P., Sutcharitpongsa, S.: Effect of horseback riding versus a dynamic and static horse riding simulator on sitting ability of children with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial. J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 27(1), 273–277 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.27.273
Tieri, G., Morone, G., Paolucci, S., Iosa, M.: Virtual reality in cognitive and motor rehabilitation: facts, fiction and fallacies. Expert Rev. Med. Devices 15(2), 107–117 (2018). PMid:29313388. https://doi.org/10.1080/17434440.2018.1425613
Trusaji, W., et al.: Horse riding simulator design to replicate human walking gait for hippotherapy in cerebral palsy rehabilitation. Machines 10(11), 1060 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/machines10111060
Vaquero-Blasco, M.A., Perez-Valero, E., Morillas, C., Lopez-Gordo, M.A.: Virtual reality customized 360-degree experiences for stress relief. Sensors 21(6), 1–15 (2021). PMid:33810135. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062219
Vermöhlen, V., et al.: Hippotherapy for patients with multiple sclerosis: a multicenter randomized controlled trial (MS-hippo). Mult. Scler. J. 24(10), 1375–1382 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458517721354
Villafaina, S., et al.: Influence of horseback riding and horse simulator riding on heart rate variability: are there differences? Appl. Sci. 9(11), 2194 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/app9112194
Viruega, H., et al.: Neurorehabilitation through hippotherapy on neurofunctional sequels of stroke: effect on patients’ functional independence, sensorimotor/cognitive capacities and quality of life, and the quality of life of their caregivers—a study protocol. Brain Sci. 12(5), 619 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12050619
Walker, M.L., et al.: Virtual reality–enhanced partial body weight–supported treadmill training poststroke: feasibility and effectiveness in 6 subjects. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 91(1), 115–122 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2009.09.009
White-Lewis, S., Johnson, R., Ye, S., Russell, C.: An equine-assisted therapy intervention to improve pain, range of motion, and quality of life in adults and older adults with arthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Appl. Nurs. Res. 49, 5–12 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2019.07.002
Wijma, E.M., Veerbeek, M.A., Prins, M., Pot, A.M., Willemse, B.M.: A virtual reality intervention to improve the understanding and empathy for people with dementia in informal caregivers: results of a pilot study. Aging Mental Health 22(9), 1115–1129 (2018). PMid:28691861. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2017.1348470
Wilson, K., Buultjens, M., Monfries, M., Karimi, L.: Equine-assisted psychotherapy for adolescents experiencing depression and/or anxiety: a therapist’s perspective. Clin. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 22(1), 16–33 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104515572379
Wongrakpanich, S., Petchlorlian, A., Rosenzweig, A.: Sensorineural organs dysfunction and cognitive decline: a review article. Aging Disease 7(6), 763 (2016). https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2016.0515
Wood W., Fields B., Rose M., McLure, M.: Animal-assisted therapies and dementia: a systematic mapping review using the lived environment life quality (LELQ) model. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 71, 1–10 (2017). http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.uta.edu/10.5014/ajot.2017.027219
Wood, W.H., Fields, B.E.: Hippotherapy: a systematic mapping review of peer- reviewed research, 1980 to 2018. Disabil. Rehabil. 43(10), 1463–1487 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2019.1653997
Yavuzer, G., Senel, A., Atay, M.B., Stam, H.J.: “Playstation eyetoy games” improve upper extremity-related motor functioning in subacute stroke: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Eur. J. Phys. Rehabil. Med. 44(3), 237–244 (2008)
Acknowledgments
The study reported in this publication was supported by FCT– Foundation for Science and Technology (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia) nr. 2020.04815.BD, by IC Senior X – Impact of Information and Communication on Senior’s eXperience in “miOne.” online community, under the project GIP3_2022 and DigiMedia Research Center, under the project UIDB/05460/2020.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ortet, C.P., Vairinhos, M., Veloso, A.I., Costa, L.V. (2023). Virtual Reality Hippotherapy Simulator: A Model Proposal for Senior Citizens. In: Gao, Q., Zhou, J. (eds) Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population. HCII 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14042. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34866-2_42
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34866-2_42
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-34865-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-34866-2
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)