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Working Approach: Field Investigation

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The Application of Lake Sediments for Climate Studies

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science ((BRIEFSENVIRONMENTAL))

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Abstract

The present chapter highlighted the preliminary approach for palaeoclimate studies using lake sediments and discussed the importance of proxy development using modern approach. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the inportance of field investigation in developing a ‘baseline’ characteristic of individual proxies (e.g., pollen, geochemistry, stable isotopes, grain size, etc.) according to changes in environmental conditions, and utilize those proxies for climate reconstruction. Further, the chapter outlines several preliminary steps such as (i) field investigations – including site and lake selection, understanding geology, and geomorphological parameters in lake catchment; (ii) bathymetric and seismic investigation – to decipher the sediment characteristics and their spatial distribution at the lake bottom; (iii) investigating modern meteorological parameters – for understanding the temporal and spatial variability of real-time modern meteorological conditions; (iv) seasonal measurement of lake parameters such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, etc., to understand the seasonal dynamics of the lake system; and finally (v) samples collection which involves a sequential collection of vegetation, sediments, and water samples.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Also known as catchment or watershed are the area from which precipitation flows and collect in a common region (e.g., outlet or lake basin).

  2. 2.

    ISM or south-west monsoon typically last for 4 months (June to September) contributes major rainfall in south east Asia.

  3. 3.

    Prevailing wind characterised between 30° to 60° latitudes blow from west to east direction. The north-western Himalaya and central Asia dominantly receives moisture from mid-latitude westerlies.

  4. 4.

    Current geological epoch, starts at around 11,700 cal BP. The Holocene is divided into three geological ages: (a) Greenlandian (~11,700 to 8200 cal BP); (b) Northgrippian (8200 to 4200 cal BP); (c) Meghalayan (4200 cal BP to present).

  5. 5.

    Carbonate mineral with chemical composition of CaCO3 (for calcite and aragonite), and MgCO3 (for dolomite)

  6. 6.

    Calibrated before present. Here, the year 1950 is considered as present.

  7. 7.

    Sensor installed on space shuttle to collect earth surface data by remote sensing technology.

  8. 8.

    ASTER sensor is an imaging instrument installed on Terra satellite. The objective of this sensor is to observe land surface temperature, emissivity, elevation data, and reflectance.

  9. 9.

    Anno Domini: Christian era in the Gregorian calendar. The term related to the calibrated radiocarbon ages in calendar years. This period goes forward from 1 BC. For example, the current year is referred as 2021 AD.

  10. 10.

    Wide variety of aquatic vegetations characterized by emergent, floating leaves, or submerged plants with distinct roots and shoots.

  11. 11.

    Upper layer of water column in stratified lake.

  12. 12.

    Bottom layer of water column in stratified lake.

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    Praveen K. Mishra

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Mishra, P.K. (2023). Working Approach: Field Investigation. In: The Application of Lake Sediments for Climate Studies. SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34709-2_2

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