Abstract
This paper presents the aspects to be taken into account when analyzing the risk of injury to the neck of vehicle occupants as a consequence of an impact. To carry out the analysis, a low-cost driver monitoring system is designed and prototyped, consisting of wearable head, neck and torso units in which acceleration sensors are installed. Two distance sensors are placed inside the vehicle to know the displacement of the head and neck in addition to acceleration sensor. The results of the lab experiments have made it possible to characterize the biomechanical response of the neck. Considerations of the results are used to formulate a new criterion for assessing the risk of neck injury due to impact.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Freeman, M.D., Leith, W.M.: Estimating the number of traffic crash-related cervical spine injuries in the United States; an analysis and comparison of national crash and hospital data. Accid. Anal. Prev. 142, 105571 (2020)
Boström, O., et al.: A new neck injury criterion candidate-based on injury findings in the cervical spinal ganglia after experimental neck extension trauma. In: Proceedings of the 1996 International Ircobi Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact, Dublin, Ireland, pp. 123–136 (1996)
Ono, K., Kaneoka, K., Wittek, A., Kajzer, J.: Cervical injury mechanism based on the analysis of human cervical vertebral motion and head-neck-torso kinematics during low speed rear impacts. SAE Trans., 3859–3876 (1997)
Meyer, F., Humm, J., Purushothaman, Y., Willinger, R., Pintar, F.A., Yoganandan, N.: Forces and moments in cervical spinal column segments in frontal impacts using finite element modeling and human cadaver tests. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 90, 681–688 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.09.043
Mallory, A., Stammen, J., Zhu, M.: Cervical and thoracic spine injury in pediatric motor vehicle crash passengers. Traffic Inj. Prev. 20(1), 84–92 (2019)
Yan, Y., Huang, J., Li, F., Hu, L.: Investigation of the effect of neck muscle active force on whiplash injury of the cervical spine. Appl. Bionics Biomech. (2018)
Kumar, S., Ferrari, R., Narayan, Y., Jones, T.: The effect of seat belt use on the cervical electromyogram response to whiplash-type impacts. J. Manip. Physiol. Ther. 29(2), 115–125 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2005.12.008
Kleinberger, M., Sun, E., Eppinger, R., Kuppa, S., Saul, R.: Development of improved injury criteria for the assessment of advanced automotive restraint systems. NHTSA Docket 4405(9), 12–17 (1998)
Heitplatz, F., Sferco, R., Fay, P., Reim, J., Kim, A., Prasad, P.: An evaluation of existing and proposed injury criteria with various dummies to determine their ability to predict the levels of soft tissue neck injury seen in real world accidents. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Nagoya, Japan, pp. 1–7 (2003)
Panjabi, M.M., Wang, J.L., Delson, N.: Neck injury criterion based on intervertebral motions and its evaluation using an instrumented neck dummy. In: Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury conference, vol. 27, pp. 179–190. International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury (1999)
Viano, D.C., Davidsson, J.: Neck displacements of volunteers, BioRID P3 and Hybrid III in rear impacts: implications to whiplash assessment by a neck displacement criterion (NDC). Traffic Inj. Prev. 3(2), 105–116 (2002)
Munoz, D., Mansilla, A., Lopez-Valdes, F., Martin, R.: A study of current neck injury criteria used for whiplash analysis proposal of a new criterion involving upper and lower neck load cells. In: Proceedings of the 19th Experimental Safety Vehicles Conference, pp. 6–9 (2005)
Garrosa, M., Ceccarelli, M., Díaz, V.: Propuesta de un nuevo criterio para cuantificar las lesiones en impactos de vehículos. In: XV Congreso Iberoamericano de Ingeniería Mecánica, Madrid, España (2022). https://doi.org/10.5944/bicim2022.248
Ceccarelli, M., Cafolla, D., Russo, M., Garrosa, M., Díaz, V.: Vehicle driver monitoring device, Italy. Patent No. 102022000022092, 26 October 2022
Acknowledgments
The first author wishes to gratefully acknowledge Universidad Carlos III de Madrid “Ayudas para la movilidad de investigadores/as de la UC3M en centros de investigación nacionales y extranjeros en su modalidad: estancias de jóvenes doctores/as” for permiting her period of stay at the LARM2 of the University of Tor Vergata in 2022–23.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Garrosa, M., Ceccarelli, M., Russo, M., Cafolla, D. (2023). Lab Experiences for a Driver Monitoring System. In: Tarnita, D., Dumitru, N., Pisla, D., Carbone, G., Geonea, I. (eds) New Trends in Medical and Service Robotics. MESROB 2023. Mechanisms and Machine Science, vol 133. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32446-8_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32446-8_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-32445-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-32446-8
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)