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Becoming Whole: The Positive Value of Negative Emotions

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An Ode to Joy
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Abstract

As a response to the traditional study of psychology which focused solely on negative emotions, the field of positive psychology ushered in new ways of thinking about, and pursuing, positive emotions. It has greatly enhanced our sense of well-being and has helped many pursue a more meaningful life. However, the focus on positive emotions and relegation of negative emotions has obscured our vision of what it means to live a complete and whole life. Recent psychological research and ancient Torah sources teach us that a more realistic and profound sense of joy lies in the integration of both positive and negative emotions and the concept of becoming whole. Life isn’t about pursuing a pain-free existence; it is about being able to have joy despite, and sometimes because of, our suffering.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    June Gruber, Iris B. Mauss, and Maya Tamir, “A Dark Side of Happiness? How, When, and Why Happiness Is Not Always Good,” Perspectives on Psychological Science 6, no. 3 (May 2011): 222–33.

  2. 2.

    June Gruber, Iris B. Mauss, and Maya Tamir, “A Dark Side of Happiness? How, When, and Why Happiness Is Not Always Good,” Perspectives on Psychological Science 6, no. 3 (May 2011): 222–33.

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    Laura D. Kubzansky and Ichiro Kawachi, “Going to the Heart of the Matter,” Journal of Psychosomatic Research 48, no. 4–5 (2000): 323–37, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3999(99)00091-4.

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    Catherine J. Norris, “The Negativity Bias, Revisited: Evidence from Neuroscience Measures and an Individual Differences Approach,” Social Neuroscience 16, no. 1 (February 2021): 68–82.

  5. 5.

    Tim Lomas, “Positive Psychology—The Second Wave,” The Psychologist 29 (2016): 536–39. Although numerous advocates for positive psychology wrote explicitly about the importance of negative emotions, their relative lack of integrating them into their studies has caused them to be forgotten and disconnected to happiness. See Joseph, Stephen. Positive Psychology in Practice: Promoting Human Flourishing in Work, Health, Education, and Everyday Life. Stephen Joseph and Brian G. Pauwels, “The Uneasy-and Necessary-Role of Negative in Positive Psychology,” in Positive Psychology in Practice: Promoting Human Flourishing in Work, Health, Education, and Everyday Life (London: Routledge, 2015), pp. 807–822.

  6. 6.

    Susan David, The Gift and Power of Emotional Courage | TED Talk, 2017, https://www.ted.com/talks/susan_david_the_gift_and_power_of_emotional_courage?language=en.

  7. 7.

    Ibid.

  8. 8.

    Benjamin P. Chapman, Kevin Fiscella, Ichiro Kawachi, Paul Duberstein, and Peter Muennig, “Emotion Suppression and Mortality Risk over a 12-Year Follow-Up,” Journal of Psychosomatic Research 75, no. 4 (2013): 381–85, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.07.014.

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    Iris B. Mauss, Maya Tamir, Craig L. Anderson, and Nicole S. Savino, “Can Seeking Happiness Make People Unhappy? Paradoxical Effects of Valuing Happiness,” Emotion 11, no. 4 (2011): 807–15, https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022010.

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    Raymond, Catherine, Marie-France Marin, Anne Hand, Shireen Sindi, Robert-Paul Juster, and Sonia J. Lupien, “Salivary Cortisol Levels and Depressive Symptomatology in Consumers and Nonconsumers of Self-Help Books: A Pilot Study,” Neural Plasticity 2016 (December 29, 2015): 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3136743. See also the popular works, Marianne Power, Help Me!: One Woman’s Quest to Find out If Self-Help Really Can Change Her Life (New York: Grove Press, 2019), and Svend Brikmann, Stand Firm Resisting the Self-Improvement Craze (Cambridge: Polity, 2017).

  11. 11.

    Marcel Zeelenberg, “The Use of Crying over Spilled Milk: A Note on the Rationality and Functionality of Regret,” Philosophical Psychology 12, no. 3 (1999): 325–40, https://doi.org/10.1080/095150899105800. See also Daniel H. Pink, The Power of Regret: How Looking Backward Moves Us Forward (Edinburgh, UK: Canongate, 2022).

  12. 12.

    Karl Halvor Teigen, “Yerkes-Dodson: A Law for All Seasons,” Theory & Psychology 4, no. 4 (1994): 525–47, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959354394044004. See also, See Tracy Dennis-Tiwary, Future Tense: Why Anxiety Is Good for You (Even Though It Feels Bad) (Harper Wave, 2022).

  13. 13.

    Tal Ben-Shahar, “Introduction,” in Happier, No Matter What: Cultivating Hope, Resilience, and Purpose in Hard Times (New York, NY: The Experiment, LLC, 2021), 4–5.

  14. 14.

    Christina Ting Fong, “The Effects of Emotional Ambivalence on Creativity.” The Academy of Management Journal 49, no. 5 (2006): 1016–30, http://www.jstor.org/stable/20159814.

  15. 15.

    Yuan Cao, Genevieve Dingle, Gary C. Chan, and Ross Cunnington, “Low Mood Leads to Increased Empathic Distress at Seeing Others’ Pain,” Frontiers in Psychology 8 (2017), https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02024.

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    Inside Out. Film. United States: Walt Disney studios home entertainment, 2015.

  17. 17.

    Brett Q. Ford, Phoebe Lam, Oliver P. John, and Iris B. Mauss, “The Psychological Health Benefits of Accepting Negative Emotions and Thoughts: Laboratory, Diary, and Longitudinal Evidence.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 115, no. 6 (2018): 1075–92, https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000157.

  18. 18.

    Tim Lomas, “Positive Psychology—The Second Wave,” The Psychologist 29 (2016): 536–39.

  19. 19.

    Susan Cain, Bittersweet: How Sorrow and Longing Make Us Whole (New York, NY: Crown Publishing Group (NY), 2022).

  20. 20.

    Todd B. Kashdan and Robert Biswas-Diener, Upside of Your Dark Side: Why Being Your Whole Self—Not Just Your “Good” Self—Drives Success and Fulfillment (NY, NY: Plume, an imprint of Penguin Random House LLC, 2015).

  21. 21.

    Steven C. Hayes, “From Loss to Love,” Psychology Today. Sussex Publishers, June 18, 2018, https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/articles/201806/loss-love.

  22. 22.

    Jonathan Sacks, “Happiness: A Jewish Perspective,” Journal of Law and Religion 29, no. 1 (2014): 30–47. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24739084.

  23. 23.

    Joseph B. Soloveitchik, Halakhic Man, trans. Lawrence Kaplan. (Jerusalem: Sefer Ve Sefel Publishing, 2005), 142.

  24. 24.

    Jonathan Sacks, “Essay,” in Covenant & Conversation: Genesis, The Book of Beginnings (New Milford, CT: Maggid Books & The Orthodox Union, 2009), 240.

  25. 25.

    Avot D’ Rebbe Natan (34:10) lists ten.

  26. 26.

    Elijah Kramer, Divrei Eliyahu. Psalms 119.

  27. 27.

    See, for example, https://aish.com/gems-of-wisdom-of-the-kotzker-rebbe/.

  28. 28.

    Sotah 5b.

  29. 29.

    Lev. 75a.

  30. 30.

    I would like to thank my wife Sonny, as well as my friends and colleagues Rabbi Effie Wagner, Yehuda Fogel, and Rabbi Dr. Mordechai Schiffman for their editorial help and insights in crafting this essay.

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Eichenbaum, M. (2023). Becoming Whole: The Positive Value of Negative Emotions. In: Brown, E., Weiss, S. (eds) An Ode to Joy. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28229-4_41

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