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Advanced Nanoparticles: A Boon or a Bane for Environmental Remediation Applications

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Advanced Functional Nanoparticles "Boon or Bane" for Environment Remediation Applications

Part of the book series: Environmental Contamination Remediation and Management ((ENCRMA))

Abstract

The potential usage of nanotechnology in diverse range of applications has found promising alternative answers to the crucial problems associated with industrial and commercial sectors. The nanomaterials are currently customized to overcome the commercial drawbacks of bulk materials. The usage of advanced nanomaterials in optical devices, biomedicine, and environmental remediations, memory, and storage devices has brought a significant revolution in the industrial sector. However, the tremendous enhancement in the production of nanoparticles has raised the questions of potential risks associated with nanotechnology. The detailed overviewing of wellbeing, security, and ecological effects during fabrication, usage in different applications, and their removal from the environment are the major features for the growth and development of safe usage of nanotechnology. The partial understanding of the ecological providence of nanotechnology has further posed threats and hazards to human wellbeing. This chapter presents the new tools and advanced methodologies for the risk assessment of advanced nanomaterials in environmental remediation applications. We also discuss the harmful impacts of uncontrolled exposure of nanoparticles on living systems.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    Deepak Rohilla & Savita Chaudhary

Authors
  1. Deepak Rohilla
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  2. Savita Chaudhary
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Savita Chaudhary .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, India

    Raman Kumar

  2. Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    Rajeev Kumar

  3. Department of Chemistry and Center of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    Savita Chaudhary

Appendices

Multiple-Choice Question (MCQ)

  1. 1.

    The term “nano” in nanotechnology stands for:

    1. (a)

      A nanometre is one-billionth of a metre

    2. (b)

      A nanometre is one-millionth of a metre

    3. (c)

      A nanometre is one-thousand of a metre

    4. (d)

      A nanometre is one-trillionth of a metre

  • Answer: (a)

  1. 2.

    The term nanotechnology was first coined by which scientist and when?

    1. (a)

      Norio Taniguchi, 1974

    2. (b)

      Eric Drexler, 1986

    3. (c)

      Richard Feynman, 1959

    4. (d)

      Sumio Iijima, 1991

  • Answer: (c)

  1. 3.

    What do you understand by the term carbon quantum dots?

    1. (a)

      Carbon quantum dots are carbon nanoparticles of 10–100 nm range.

    2. (b)

      Carbon quantum dots are small carbon nanoparticles with some form of surface passivation.

    3. (c)

      Carbon quantum dots are buckminsterfullerene, composed of 60 carbon atoms.

    4. (d)

      All of the above.

  • Answer: (b)

  1. 4.

    Nanofiltration is widely used in water purifiers; what does it mean?

    1. (a)

      A technique used macro-sized channels for filtration

    2. (b)

      A technique used for the filtration of nanoparticles

    3. (c)

      Membrane-based filtration method that uses nanometre-sized pores for filtration

    4. (d)

      None of the above

  • Answer: (c)

  1. 5.

    Quantum confinement effect in nanomaterials is observed because of:

    1. (a)

      The particles follow rules of quantum chemistry.

    2. (b)

      The size of the particle is too small to be comparable to the wavelength of the electron.

    3. (c)

      The property of both bulk and nanomaterials.

    4. (d)

      Both (b) and (c).

  • Answer: (b)

  1. 6.

    The term nanocomposites means:

    1. (a)

      Materials that incorporate nanosized particles into a matrix of standard material

    2. (b)

      A mixture of micron-sized nanoparticles

    3. (c)

      Particles having a size in sub-micron level

    4. (d)

      All of the above

  • Answer: (a)

  1. 7.

    Which one of these statements at the nanoscale is NOT true?

    1. (a)

      Aluminium at the nanoscale is highly combustible.

    2. (b)

      Silicon at the nanoscale is an insulator.

    3. (c)

      Gold at the nanoscale is red.

    4. (d)

      None of the above

  • Answer: (b)

  1. 8.

    The term graphene used to for:

    1. (a)

      A one-atom-thick sheet of carbon

    2. (b)

      A new material made from carbon nanotubes

    3. (c)

      Gold at the nanoscale

    4. (d)

      Both (a) and (b)

  • Answer: (b)

  1. 9.

    What is the term related to the study of the toxic effect of nanoparticles?

    1. (a)

      Nano-remediation

    2. (b)

      Nano-robotics

    3. (c)

      Neurotoxicology

    4. (d)

      Nanotoxicology

  • Answer: (d)

Short Questions

  • Q1. How do nanomaterials differ as compared to their bulk counterparts?

    • Answer: The significant size reduction has induced quantum effect and further enhanced the surface to volume ratio in nanomaterials as compared to their bulk counterparts.

  • Q2. Why is nanotoxicity a threat to living beings?

    • Answer: The high-end applications of nanoparticles have further enhanced their production rate and made living beings more prone to their exposure. With time slow deposition results into various health hazards in living beings.

  • Q3. Explain the properties of photocatalyst used in the degradation of organic pollutants.

    • Answer: The method of photo-degradation is primarily based on organic pollutant adsorption ability over the photocatalyst surface. The photocatalyst with higher adsorption surface makes the degradation process easier as compared to other remediation processes.

  • Q4. Why are semiconducting nanomaterials used in pollutant degradation?

    • Answer: The existence of controllable morphology, crystalline structure, and bandgap values in semiconducting nanomaterials have enhanced their potential in environmental remediation activities. The existence of oxygen over the exterior surface of semiconducting nanomaterials has further affected the photocatalytic degradation rate for organic contaminants.

  • Q5. In various literature, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles act as a potential photocatalyst. Explain.

    • Answer: The application of zinc oxide nanomaterials as potential photocatalyst has been well documented in literature due to their high quantity effectiveness and low fabrication cost with excellent stability and biocompatibility towards living beings. The higher potential of ZnO nanoparticles was further associated with the more absorption capacity of ZnO nanoparticles towards solar radiation.

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Rohilla, D., Chaudhary, S. (2023). Advanced Nanoparticles: A Boon or a Bane for Environmental Remediation Applications. In: Kumar, R., Kumar, R., Chaudhary, S. (eds) Advanced Functional Nanoparticles "Boon or Bane" for Environment Remediation Applications. Environmental Contamination Remediation and Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24416-2_2

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