Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Osteoporosis: Epidemiology and Assessment

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
A Clinician's Pearls & Myths in Rheumatology

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adami G, Saag KG. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis update. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2019;31(4):388–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson PA, Morgan SL, Krueger D, Zapalowski C, Tanner B, Jeray KJ, Krohn KD, Lane JP, Yeap SS, Shuhart CR, Shepherd J. Use of bone health evaluation in orthopedic surgery: 2019 ISCD official position. J Clin Densitom. 2019;22(4):517–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bergstrom U, Bjornstig U, Stenlund H, Jonsson H, Svensson O. Fracture mechanisms and fracture pattern in men and women aged 50 years and older: a study of a 12-year population-based injury register, Umea, Sweden. Osteoporos Int. 2008;19(9):1267–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burge R, Dawson-Hughes B, Solomon DH, Wong JB, King A, Tosteson A. Incidence and economic burden of osteoporosis-related fractures in the United States, 2005–2025. J Bone Miner Res. 2007;22(3):465–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Canalis E, Mazziotti G, Giustina A, Bilezikian JP. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: pathophysiology and therapy. Osteoporos Int. 2007;18(10):1319–28.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Center JR, Bliuc D, Nguyen TV, Eisman JA. Risk of subsequent fracture after low-trauma fracture in men and women. JAMA. 2007;297(4):387–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Emkey RD, Lindsay R, Lyssy J, Weisberg JS, Dempster DW, Shen V. The systemic effect of intraarticular administration of corticosteroid on markers of bone formation and bone resorption in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1996;39(2):277–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Israel E, Banerjee TR, Fitzmaurice GM, Kotlov TV, LaHive K, LeBoff MS. Effects of inhaled glucocorticoids on bone density in premenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(13):941–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones G, Nguyen T, Sambrook PN, Kelly PJ, Gilbert C, Eisman JA. Symptomatic fracture incidence in elderly men and women: the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study (DOES). Osteoporos Int. 1994;4(5):277–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01623352. PMID: 7812076.

  • Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, Dawson A, De Laet C, Jonsson B. Ten year probabilities of osteoporotic fractures according to BMD and diagnostic thresholds. Osteoporos Int. 2001;12(12):989–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, McCloskey EV. Guidance for the adjustment of FRAX according to the dose of glucocorticoids. Osteoporos Int. 2011;22(3):809–16.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khan AA, Syed Z. Bone densitometry in premenopausal women: synthesis and review. J Clin Densitom. 2004;7(1):85–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khan A. Premenopausal women and low bone density. Can Fam Physician. 2006;52:743–7.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kudlacek S, Schneider B, Resch H, Freudenthaler O, Willvonseder R. Gender differences in fracture risk and bone mineral density. Maturitas. 2000;36(3):173–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leslie WD, Johansson H, McCloskey EV, Harvey NC, Kanis JA, Hans D. Comparison of methods for improving fracture risk assessment in diabetes: the Manitoba BMD registry. J Bone Miner Res. 2018;33(11):1923–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lewiecki EM, Binkley N, Morgan SL, Shuhart CR, Camargos BM, Carey JJ, Gordon CM, Jankowski LG, Lee JK, Leslie WD. Best practices for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurement and reporting: International Society for Clinical Densitometry Guidance. J Clin Densitom. 2016;19(2):127–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Carrino JA, Dash AS, Chukir T, Do H, Bockman RS, Hughes AP, Press JM, Stein EM. Lower spine volumetric bone density in patients with a history of epidural steroid injections. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 2018;103(9):3405–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Looker AC, Orwoll ES, Johnston CC Jr, Lindsay RL, Wahner HW, Dunn WL, Calvo MS, Harris TB, Heyse SP. Prevalence of low femoral bone density in older U.S. adults from NHANES III. J Bone Miner Res. 1997;12(11):1761–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Looker AC, Beck TJ, Orwoll ES. Does body size account for gender differences in femur bone density and geometry? J Bone Miner Res. 2001;16(7):1291–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mackey DC, Lui LY, Cawthon PM, Bauer DC, Nevitt MC, Cauley JA, et al. High-trauma fractures and low bone mineral density in older women and men. JAMA. 2007;298(20):2381–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Manolagas SC, Weinstein RS. New developments in the pathogenesis and treatment of steroid-induced osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 1999;14(7):1061–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Melton LJ 3rd, Beck TJ, Amin S, Khosla S, Achenbach SJ, Oberg AL, Riggs BL. Contributions of bone density and structure to fracture risk assessment in men and women. Osteoporos Int. 2005;16(5):460–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mikuls TR, Saag KG, George V, Mudano AS, Banerjee S. Racial disparities in the receipt of osteoporosis related healthcare among community-dwelling older women with arthritis and previous fracture. J Rheumatol. 2005;32(5):870–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moreira Kulak CA, Schussheim DH, McMahon DJ, Kurland E, Silverberg SJ, Siris ES, Bilezikian JP, Shane E. Osteoporosis and low bone mass in premenopausal and perimenopausal women. Endocr Pract. 2000;6(4):296–304.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mudano AS, Casebeer L, Patino F, Allison JJ, Weissman NW, Kiefe CI, Person S, Gilbert D, Saag KG. Racial disparities in osteoporosis prevention in a managed care population. South Med J. 2003;96(5):445–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • National Osteoporosis Foundation. Physician’s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, Inc.; 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orwoll E. Assessing bone density in men. J Bone Miner Res. 2000;15(10):1867–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pickhardt PJ, Pooler BD, Lauder T, del Rio AM, Bruce RJ, Binkley N. Opportunistic screening for osteoporosis using abdominal computed tomography scans obtained for other indications. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(8):588–95.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rauch F, Glorieux FH. Osteogenesis imperfecta. Lancet. 2004;363(9418):1377–85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saito M, Marumo K. Bone quality in diabetes. Front Endocrinol. 2013;4:72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shuhart CR, Yeap SS, Anderson PA, Jankowski LG, Lewiecki EM, Morse LR, Rosen HN, Weber DR, Zemel BS, Shepherd JA. Executive summary of the 2019 ISCD position development conference on monitoring treatment, DXA cross-calibration and least significant change, spinal cord injury, peri-prosthetic and orthopedic bone health, transgender medicine, and pediatrics. J Clin Densitom. 2019;22(4):453–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ton FN, Gunawardene SC, Lee H, Neer RM. Effects of low-dose prednisone on bone metabolism. J Bone Miner Res. 2005;20(3):464–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Geel TA, van Helden S, Geusens PP, Winkens B, Dinant GJ. Clinical subsequent fractures cluster in time after first fractures. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(1):99–102.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Staa TP, Leufkens HG, Abenhaim L, Zhang B, Cooper C. Use of oral corticosteroids and risk of fractures. J Bone Miner Res. 2000;15(6):993–1000.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Staa TP, Dennison EM, Leufkens HG, Cooper C. Epidemiology of fractures in England and Wales. Bone. 2001;29(6):517–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Staa TP, Laan RF, Barton IP, Cohen S, Reid DM, Cooper C. Bone density threshold and other predictors of vertebral fracture in patients receiving oral glucocorticoid therapy. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48(11):3224–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vestergaard P. Discrepancies in bone mineral density and fracture risk in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes--a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2007;18(4):427–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wong CA, Walsh LJ, Smith CJ, Wisniewski AF, Lewis SA, Hubbard R, Cawte S, Green DJ, Pringle M, Tattersfield AE. Inhaled corticosteroid use and bone-mineral density in patients with asthma. Lancet. 2000;355(9213):1399–403.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA

    Mary Beth Humphrey

  2. Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Bita Zahedi

  3. Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA

    Amy Warriner

  4. Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA

    Sarah Morgan

  5. Department of Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Benjamin Z. Leder

  6. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA

    Ken Saag

  7. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Elaine W. Yu

Authors
  1. Mary Beth Humphrey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bita Zahedi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Amy Warriner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sarah Morgan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Benjamin Z. Leder
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ken Saag
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Elaine W. Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mary Beth Humphrey .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    John H. Stone

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Humphrey, M.B. et al. (2023). Osteoporosis: Epidemiology and Assessment. In: Stone, J.H. (eds) A Clinician's Pearls & Myths in Rheumatology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23488-0_40

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23488-0_40

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-23487-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-23488-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation