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Intra-Abdominal Hypertension and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome

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Textbook of Emergency General Surgery

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Abstract

Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) is commonly encountered in critically ill or injured patients, has repeatedly been reported to be an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality, and may progress to the development of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). IAH is graded based on the severity of sustained or repeated intra-abdominal pressure elevation, while ACS is defined by an intra-abdominal pressure > 20 mm Hg with organ dysfunction attributable to the IAH. This chapter reviews the classification, epidemiology, pathophysiology, presentation, diagnosis, and medical, interventional, and surgical management of IAH/ACS. We also highlight the consensus definitions, recommendations, and suggestions published in the most recent clinical practice guideline by the WSACS—The Abdominal Compartment Society.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Tyler Lamb

  2. The Ottawa Hospital, Civic Campus, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Tyler Lamb & Derek J. Roberts

  3. Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine and the Regional Trauma Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Andrew W. Kirkpatrick

  4. Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Andrew W. Kirkpatrick

  5. Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Derek J. Roberts

  6. Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Trauma Program and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Derek J. Roberts

  7. The O’Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Derek J. Roberts

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  1. General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery Dept., Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy

    Federico Coccolini

  2. General and Emergency Surgery Dept., Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy

    Fausto Catena

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© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

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Lamb, T., Kirkpatrick, A.W., Roberts, D.J. (2023). Intra-Abdominal Hypertension and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome. In: Coccolini, F., Catena, F. (eds) Textbook of Emergency General Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22599-4_93

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22599-4_93

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-22598-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-22599-4

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