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A School Goes to Altitude

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Exercise, Respiratory and Environmental Physiology

Part of the book series: Perspectives in Physiology ((PHYSIOL))

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Abstract

This chapter concerns the contribution of the School of Milano to the study of human responses to altitude exposure. Paolo Cerretelli’s contributions are firstly described. The studies performed during the expedition to Mount Kanjut-Sar, Karakorum, in 1957, and during the Italian Expedition to Mount Everest in 1973 are reported. This expedition generated a highly celebrated article, on the factors limiting oxygen transport on Mount Everest. The subsequent remarkable work on structural and functional muscle adaptation to altitude, performed along the Cerretelli–Hoppeler (Bern) axis is described. Then, Reinhold Messner attained the summit of Mount Everest without supplementary oxygen. Several projects devoted to understand Messner’s achievement (AMREE, by John West; the Messner’s study, set up by Oswald Oelz with Hoppeler and Cerretelli; Operation Everest II) are analyzed. Finally, Cerretelli’s work at the new Italian laboratory close to the Everest basecamp (the Pyramid) is reported. Secondly, the studies coordinated by Giuseppe Miserocchi concerning the complex interaction between lung diffusion, alveolar-capillary blood volume, and lung water balance to affect the kinetics of alveolar-capillary equilibration on increasing oxygen demand is developed. Further, inter-individual differences in the proneness to develop pulmonary edema at altitude are related to specific morpho-functional features of the alveolar-capillary network.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    In fact, Kellas estimated lower PAO2, and thus higher PACO2 and lower SaO2 than actually measured on top during the American Medical Research Expedition to Mount Everest almost 70 years later (West et al. 1983b).

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  1. Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

    Guido Ferretti

  2. University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy

    Giuseppe Miserocchi

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    Guido Ferretti

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Ferretti, G., Miserocchi, G. (2023). A School Goes to Altitude. In: Ferretti, G. (eds) Exercise, Respiratory and Environmental Physiology. Perspectives in Physiology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19197-8_10

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