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The Westernmost Tethyan Margins in the Rif Belt (Morocco), A Review

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Geology of North Africa and the Mediterranean: Sedimentary Basins and Georesources

Part of the book series: Regional Geology Reviews ((RGR))

Abstract

The Rif belt is the westernmost segment of the Maghrebides and the southern branch of the Gibraltar Arc connecting North Africa to Iberia. The Rif belt formed coevally with the Betic Cordilleras (northern branch of the Arc) during the Cenozoic due to the Africa-Eurasia convergence associated with the subduction of the westernmost Tethys lithosphere of the Ligurian-Maghrebian basin. In this work, we describe the remnants of the margins of the latter basin as exposed in the Rif belt. The External Zones of the belt expose remnants of the Jurassic southern Ocean-Continent Transition (OCT) of the Maghrebian Tethys and a Triassic volcanic-rich segment of the NW African passive margin. These consist, respectively, of serpentinites and gabbros slivers included in the accretionary prism derived from the inversion of the African passive margin. The northern margin of the Maghrebian Ocean is classically represented by the Dorsale Calcaire and Predorsalian Triassic-Paleogene units at the external border of the Internal Zones (Alboran Domain). The latter mainly consists of two complexes of basement nappes, from top to bottom, the Ghomarides (Malaguides in Spain) and the Sebtides (Alpujarrides in Spain). The Dorsale sedimentary units are transitional between the Ghomarides-Malaguides coeval sequences and the Maghrebian Flyschs deposits. They likely detached from the Sebtides-Alpujarrides thinned crust domain. Marbles of probable Triassic age overlie the granulites (kinzigites) envelope of the Beni Bousera peridotites included in the Lower Sebtides units. Thus, the mantle of the Sebtides-Alpujarrides domain would have been exhumed close to the surface as early as the Triassic during the incipient formation of a Jurassic magma-poor margin bordering the Maghrebian Tethys to the north.

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Acknowledgements

We warmly thank Mohamed Ouazzani-Touhami for his providential help at Tetouan. We acknowledge the crucial help of Christian Chopin, coauthor of our “twin-paper” (Farah et al. 2021), for the petrological study of the Beni Bousera marbles. We thank Michel Corsini, coauthor of the same paper, for his reading and pertinent criticism of the first draft of this chapter. Thanks are due to François Roure and Samy Khomsi for their editorial remarks and support. We are greatly indebted to Guillermo Booth-Rea for his accurate, constructive, and helpful review of the submitted manuscript, and to the anonymous Reviewer who encouraged us to develop a general discussion section.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Em. Pr, Université Paris-Sud (Orsay), 10, Rue Des Jeûneurs, 75002, Paris, France

    André Michard

  2. Earth Science Department, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed V University, BP 1014, Rabat-Agdal, Morocco

    Ahmed Chalouan

  3. Geosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock, Hassan II University, BP 5366 Maârif, Casablanca, Morocco

    Aboubaker Farah & Omar Saddiqi

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  1. André Michard
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Correspondence to André Michard .

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  1. Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geoexploration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Sami Khomsi

  2. Direction Geologie-Geochimie-Geophysique, Institut Francais du Petrole, Rueil Malmaison Cedex, France

    Francois Roure

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Michard, A., Chalouan, A., Farah, A., Saddiqi, O. (2023). The Westernmost Tethyan Margins in the Rif Belt (Morocco), A Review. In: Khomsi, S., Roure, F. (eds) Geology of North Africa and the Mediterranean: Sedimentary Basins and Georesources. Regional Geology Reviews. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18747-6_2

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