Abstract
Cryotherapy has garnered significant attention in several medical and high-level sport performance domains. Although it is necessary to evaluate this technique’s efficacy in recovery processes, numerous studies have shown its usefulness in improving physical performance. Multiple physiological and psychological mechanisms have been identified. The present chapter explores the complex interplay between cryotherapy and its effects on vascular and haemodynamic factors.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bouzigon R, Dupuy O, Tiemessen I, De Nardi M, Bernard JP, Mihailovic T, Theurot D, Miller ED, Lombardi G, Dugué BM. Cryostimulation for post-exercise recovery in athletes: a consensus and position paper. Front Sports Act Living. 2021;3:688828. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.688828.
Moore E, Fuller JT, Bellenger CR, Saunders S, Halson SL, Broatch JR, Buckley JD. Effects of cold-water immersion compared with other recovery modalities on athletic performance following acute strenuous exercise in physically active participants: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Sports Med. 2023;53:687–705. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-022-01800-1.
Dupuy O, Douzi W, Theurot D, Bosquet L, Dugué B. An evidence-based approach for choosing post-exercise recovery techniques to reduce markers of muscle damage, soreness, fatigue, and inflammation: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Front Physiol. 2018;9:403. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00403.
Banfi G, Melegati G, Barassi A, Dogliotti G, Melzi d’Eril G, Dugué B, et al. Effects of whole-body cryotherapy on serum mediators of inflammation and serum muscle enzymes in athletes. J Thermal Biol. 2009;34:55–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2008.10.003.
Ihsan M, Watson G, Abbiss CR. What are the physiological mechanisms for post-exercise cold water immersion in the recovery from prolonged endurance and intermittent exercise? Sports Med. 2016;46:1095–109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0483-3.
Leeder J, Gissane C, van Someren K, Gregson W, Howatson G. Cold water immersion and recovery from strenuous exercise: a meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2012;46:233–40. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090061.
Bouzigon R, Grappe F, Ravier G, Dugué B. Whole- and partial-body cryostimulation/cryotherapy: current technologies and practical applications. J Thermal Biol. 2016;61:67–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.08.009.
Merrick MA. Secondary injury after musculoskeletal trauma: a review and update. J Athl Train. 2002;37:209–17.
Swenson C, Swärd L, Karlsson J. Cryotherapy in sports medicine. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2007;6:193–200. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1996.tb00090.x.
Minett GM, Duffield R, Billaut F, Cannon J, Portus MR, Marino FE. Cold-water immersion decreases cerebral oxygenation but improves recovery after intermittent-sprint exercise in the heat: cooling for recovery in the heat. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014;24:656–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12060.
Mantoni T, Belhage B, Pedersen LM, Pott FC. Reduced cerebral perfusion on sudden immersion in ice water: a possible cause of drowning. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2007;78:374–6.
Mantoni T, Rasmussen JH, Belhage B, Pott FC. Voluntary respiratory control and cerebral blood flow velocity upon ice-water immersion. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2008;79:765–8. https://doi.org/10.3357/ASEM.2216.2008.
Nybo L, Møller K, Volianitis S, Nielsen B, Secher NH. Effects of hyperthermia on cerebral blood flow and metabolism during prolonged exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol. 2002;93:58–64. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00049.2002.
Nybo L, Rasmussen P. Inadequate cerebral oxygen delivery and central fatigue during strenuous exercise. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2007;35:110. https://doi.org/10.1097/jes.0b013e3180a031ec.
Ihsan M, Watson G, Lipski M, Abbiss CR. Influence of postexercise cooling on muscle oxygenation and blood volume changes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013;45:876–82. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31827e13a2.
Vaile J, O’Hagan C, Stefanovic B, Walker M, Gill N, Askew CD. Effect of cold water immersion on repeated cycling performance and limb blood flow. Bri J Sports Med. 2011;45:825–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.067272.
Jones B, Waterworth S, Tallent J, Rogerson M, Morton C, Moran J, Southall-Edwards R, Cooper CE, McManus C. Influence of cold-water immersion on lower limb muscle oxygen consumption, as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. J Athl Train. 2023; https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0532.22. (in press)
Stanley J, Peake JM, Coombes JS, Buchheit M. Central and peripheral adjustments during high-intensity exercise following cold water immersion. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2014;114:147–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-013-2755-z.
Gregson W, Black MA, Jones H, Milson J, Morton J, Dawson B, et al. Influence of cold water immersion on limb and cutaneous blood flow at rest. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39:1316–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546510395497.
Mawhinney C, Jones H, Low DA, Green DJ, Howatson G, Gregson W. Influence of cold-water immersion on limb blood flow after resistance exercise. Eur J Sport Sci. 2017a;17:519–29.
Selfe J, Alexander J, Costello JT, May K, Garratt N, Atkins S, et al. The effect of three different (−135 °C) whole body cryotherapy exposure durations on elite rugby league players. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e86420. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086420.
Haq A, Ribbans WJ, Hohenauer E, Baross AW. The comparative effect of different timings of whole body cryotherapy treatment with cold water immersion for post-exercise recovery. Front Sports Act Living. 2022;4:940516. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.940516.
Mawhinney C, Low DA, Jones H, Green DJ, Costello JT, Gregson W. Cold water mediates greater reductions in limb blood flow than whole body cryotherapy. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017b;49:1252–60. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001223.
Hohenauer E, Costello JT, Stoop R, Küng UM, Clarys P, Deliens T, et al. Cold-water or partial-body cryotherapy? Comparison of physiological responses and recovery following muscle damage. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018;28:1252–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13014.
Theurot D, Dupuy O, Louis J, Douzi W, Morin R, Arc-Chagnaud C, Dugué B. Partial-body cryostimulation does not impact peripheral microvascular responsiveness but reduces muscular metabolic O2 consumption (mV˙O2) at rest. Cryobiology. 2023;112:104561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.104561.
Hohenauer E, Costello JT, Deliens T, Clarys P, Stoop R, Clijsen R. Partial-body cryotherapy (−135 °C) and cold-water immersion (10 °C) after muscle damage in females. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2020;30:485–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13593.
Theurot D, Dugué B, Douzi W, Guitet P, Louis J, Dupuy O. Impact of acute partial-body cryostimulation on cognitive performance, cerebral oxygenation, and cardiac autonomic activity. Sci Rep. 2021;11:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87089-y.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Theurot, D., Dugué, B., Dupuy, O. (2024). Muscular and Cerebral Tissue Oxygenation and Blood Flow. In: Capodaglio, P. (eds) Whole-Body Cryostimulation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18545-8_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18545-8_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-18544-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-18545-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)