Abstract
In order to investigate the liquefaction potential of the Çanakkale residential area, 151 boreholes, SPT, and 1027 classification tests were performed on disturbed samples, and 110 units of shear wave velocity (Vs) were determined by multi-channel analysis (MASW) of surface waves, and Vs values determined by underground water level information is used. Unlike previous studies, which were made using the simplified method based on SPT-N, liquefaction potential index (IL) and liquefaction risk index (IR) maps based on the standard penetration test (SPT) as well as Vs parameters were created separately for the Çanakkale settlement area. Very high IL and IR values were obtained in most of the city centers around Sarıçay. At the same time, analyses were repeated for different energy levels in order to investigate the effect of the energy coefficient, which is one of the SPT numbers of impact correction factors, on the analysis. As a result of all the analyses, it is thought that the energy level transferred in the SPT significantly affects the results, and since shear wave velocity (Vs) does not require such a correction, using SPT-N values as a reference in the analyses will reduce the negative effects that may arise from the uncertainties in field tests.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Youd, T., Perkins, D.: Mapping liquefaction-induced ground failure potential. ASCE J Geotech. Eng Div. 104, 433–446 (1978)
Seed, H.B., Idriss, I.M.: Simplified procedure for evaluating soil liquefaction potential. J. Soil Mech. Found. Div. ASCE 97, 1249–1273 (1971)
Iwasaki, T., Arakawa, T., Tokida, K.: Simplified procedures for assessing soil liquefaction during earthquakes. J. Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 3(1), 49–58 (1984)
Tokimatsu, K., Nakamura, K.: A liquefaction test without membrane penetration effects. Soils Found. 26(4), 127–138 (1986)
Robertson, P.K., Wride, C.E.: Evaluating cyclic liquefaction potential using the cone penetration test. Can. Geotech. J. 35(3), 442–459 (1998)
Tsuchida, H.: Prediction and countermeasure against the liquefaction in sand deposits. Seminar in the Port and Harbor Research Institute, pp. 3.1– 3.33 (1970)
Seed, H.B., Tokimatsu, K., Harder, L.F., Chung, R.: Influence of SPT procedures in soil liquefaction resistance evaluations. J. Geotech. Eng. ASCE 111(12), 1425–1445 (1985)
Youd, T., Carter, B.: Influence of soil softening and liquefaction on spectral acceleration. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 131(7), 811–825 (2005)
Idriss, I.M., Boulanger, R.W.: Semi-empirical procedures for evaluating liquefaction potential during earthquakes. In: 3rd International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering (ICEGE) on Proceedings, pp. 32–56. Stallion Press, Singapore (2004)
Ishihara, K., Yasuda, S.: Sand liquefaction due to irregular excitation. Soils Found. 12(4), 65–77 (1972)
Andrus, R.D., Stokoe, K.H., II.: Liquefaction resistance of soils from shear-wave velocity. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. ASCE 126(11), 1015–1025 (2000)
Uyanık, O., Taktak, A.G.: A new method for liquefaction analysis from shear wave velocity and predominant resonance period. Süleyman Demirel Univ. J. Nat. Appl. Sci. 13(1), 74–81 (2009)
Uyanık, O.: Soil liquefaction analysis based on soil and earthquake parameters. J. Appl. Geophys. 176, 104004 (2020)
Tunusluoglu, M.C., Karaca, O.: Liquefaction severity mapping based on SPT data: a case study in Canakkale city (NW Turkey). Environ. Earth Sci. 77(12), 1–29 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7597-x
Bekler, T., Demirci, A., Ekinci, Y.L., Büyüksaraç, A.: Analysis of local site conditions through geophysical parameters at a city under earthquake threat: Çanakkale. NW Turkey. J Appl Geophys. 63, 31–39 (2019)
Büyüksaraç, A., et al.: Project Report of Çanakkale Belediyesi İmar Planına Esas Jeolojik-Jeoteknik Etüt. Çanakkale (2013). (in Turkish)
Büyüksaraç, A., Bekler, T., Demirci, A., Eyisüren, O.: New insights into the dynamic characteristics of alluvial media under the earthquake prone area: a case study for the Çanakkale city settlement (NW of Turkey). Arab. J. Geosci. 14(20), 1–15 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08430-3
Büyüksaraç A., et al.: Project Report of Çanakkale Belediyesi Karacaören ve Çevresi Zemin Araştırma (2013). (in Turkish)
Youd, T.L., et al.: Liquefaction resistance of soils: summary report from the 1996 NCEER and 1998 NCEER/NSF workshops on evaluation of liquefaction resistance of soils. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. ASCE 127, 817–833 (2001)
Anbazhagan, P., Ayush, A., Prakash, D.: Effect of energy efficiency of hammer on liquefaction potential of soil. In: Indian Geotechnical Conference (IGC2016), IIT Madras, Chennai, India (2016)
Howie, J.A., Daniel, C.R., Jackson, R.S., Walker, B.: Comparison of energy measurement methods in the standard penetration test. technical report, U.S.: The University of British Columbia (2003)
Xia, J., Miller, R.D., Park, C.B.: Estimation of near-surface shear-wave velocity by inversion of Rayleigh waves. Geophysics 64(3), 691–700 (1999)
Robertson, P.K., Woeller, D.J., Finn, W.D.L.: Seismic cone penetration test for evaluating liquefaction potential under cyclic loading. Can. Geotech. J. Ottawa 29, 686–695 (1992)
Maurer, B.W., Green, R.A., Cubrinovski M.B., Bradley, A.: Evaluation of the liquefaction potential index for assessing liquefaction hazard in Christchurch. N.Z. J. Geotechn. Geoenviron. Eng. 140(7), 04014032 (2014)
Ishihara, K.: Stability of natural deposits during earthquakes. In: 11th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering on Proceedings, vol. 1, pp. 321–376, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (1985)
Lee, D.H., Ku, C.S., Yuan, H.: A study of the liquefaction risk potential at Yuanlin. Taiwan. Eng. Geol. 71, 97–117 (2004)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Eyisüren, O., Karaca, Ö., Büyüksaraç, A., Işık, E. (2023). Combined Use of Standard Penetration Test and Shear Wave Velocities in Liquefaction Analysis: Çanakkale Example. In: Ademović, N., Mujčić, E., Mulić, M., Kevrić, J., Akšamija, Z. (eds) Advanced Technologies, Systems, and Applications VII. IAT 2022. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 539. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17697-5_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17697-5_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-17696-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-17697-5
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)