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Orthorexic Eating and Addictions: Links with Substance Use, Behavioral Addictions, and Research Gaps

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Eating Disorders

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Abstract

Orthorexia nervosa is described as an obsessive fixation on healthy eating in order to maintain and optimize health. The progressive rigidity of self-imposed dietary rules in orthorexia nervosa may resemble the maladaptive cycle of substance abuse. Phenomenological similarities are high time investment and cognitive and behavioral preoccupation. Nevertheless, the obvious negative health consequences of substance use disorders are contrary to the aim of orthorexic eating behavior. Moreover, Orthorexia nervosa does not allow the identification of specific foods or food groups which might serve as addictive substances. Based on current evidence, there is no link between Orthorexia nervosa and substance use or abuse. Behavioral addictions, defined as compulsive and excessive non-substance-related behaviors, have also been examined in relation to orthorexia nervosa. Addictive and compulsive exercising was moderately and positively related to orthorexia nervosa. Evidence of a link with food addiction and internet addiction is still too sparse to allow conclusions. Filling research gaps related to addictions and orthorexia nervosa could help to better understand the etiology of orthorexia nervosa and, thus, assess its distinctiveness from established psychiatric disorders.

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Abbreviations

AN:

Anorexia nervosa

ARFID:

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

DSM-5:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition

ED:

Eating disorders

ICD-11:

International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 11th edition

OCD:

Obsessive-compulsive disorders

OrNe:

Orthorexia nervosa

SES:

Socioeconomic status

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sport Psychology, Institute of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

    Jana Strahler & Hanna Wachten

  2. Faculty Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany

    Lillith Moser

Authors
  1. Jana Strahler
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  2. Lillith Moser
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  3. Hanna Wachten
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Correspondence to Jana Strahler .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy

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Strahler, J., Moser, L., Wachten, H. (2023). Orthorexic Eating and Addictions: Links with Substance Use, Behavioral Addictions, and Research Gaps. In: Patel, V.B., Preedy, V.R. (eds) Eating Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16691-4_79

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