Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nutritional Components of Sea Cucumber and the Biochemical Characteristics of Autolytic Enzymes

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Advances in Sea Cucumber Processing Technology and Product Development

Part of the book series: Advances in Marine Bioprocesses and Bioproducts ((AMBB))

  • 237 Accesses

Abstract

The sea cucumber is a valuable marine resource with high protein and low cholesterol contents. It is considered as a fine food supplement and an ideal tonic for strengthening the body in China and Southeast Asia. The protein content of dried sea cucumber is generally more than 50%, mainly in the form of collagen; although the lipid content is low, it mainly consists of phospholipids rich in EPA/DHA, while it is also rich in sphingolipids such as cerebroside and ganglioside with outstanding functional activity. The sea cucumber is rich in sulfated polysaccharides, with a content of up to more than 10%, mainly including fucosylated chondroitin sulfate and fucoidan. However, due to the presence of an autolytic enzyme system, the sea cucumber is prone to autolysis during processing and storage, resulting in the loss of nutrients and serious deterioration of quality, and subsequent severe economic losses. This chapter focuses on the three main nutritional components of sea cucumber collagen, sea cucumber lipid, and sea cucumber sulfate polysaccharide and discusses the research progress of such main nutritional components of sea cucumber from the perspective of content distribution, structural type, and biochemical characteristics. At the same time, the research progress of sea cucumber autolytic enzymes is introduced from the perspective of the enzymatic properties of serine protease, cysteine protease, matrix metalloproteinase, and cathepsin and their influence on sea cucumber quality.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abedin MZ, Karim AA, Ahmed F, Latiff AA, Gan CY, Ghazali FC, Sarker MZ (2013) Isolation and characterization of pepsin-solubilized collagen from the integument of sea cucumber (Stichopus vastus). J Sci Food Agric 93(5):1083–1088

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abedin MZ, Karim AA, Latiff AA, Gan CY, Ghazali FC, Barzideh Z, Ferdosh S, Akanda M, Zzaman W, Karim M, Sarker MZ (2014) Biochemical and radical-scavenging properties of sea cucumber (Stichopus vastus) collagen hydrolysates. Nat Prod Res 28(16):1302–1305

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adibzadeh N, Aminzadeh S, Jamili S, Karkhane AA, Farrokhi N (2014) Purification and characterization of pepsin-solubilized collagen from skin of sea cucumber Holothuria parva. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 173(1):143–154

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agyekum I, Pepi L, Yu YL, Li JH, Yan LF, Linhardt RJ, Chen SG, Amster IJ (2018) Structural elucidation of fucosylated chondroitin sulfates from sea cucumber using FTICR-MS/MS. Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester) 24:157–167

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Mansour M, Balti R, Ollivier V, Ben-Jannet H, Chaubet F, Maaroufi RM (2017) Characterization and anticoagulant activity of a fucosylated chondroitin sulfate with unusually procoagulant effect from sea cucumber. Carbohyd Polym 174:760–771

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cai Y, Yang WJ, Yin RH, Zhou LT, Li ZK, Wu MY, Zhao JH (2018) An anticoagulant fucan sulfate with hexasaccharide repeating units from the sea cucumber Holothuria albiventer. Carbohydr Res 464(15):12–18

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang YG, Hu YF, Yu L, McClements DJ, Xu XQ, Liu GC, Xue CH (2016) Primary structure and chain conformation of fucoidan extracted from sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa. Carbohyd Polym 136:1091–1097

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen SG, Hu YQ, Ye XQ, Li GY, Yu GL, Xue CH, Chai WG (2012) Sequence determination and anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities of a novel sulfated fucan isolated from the sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus. BBA-Gen Subjects 1820(7):989–1000

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen Y, Lv LJ, Duan JG et al (2009) Distribution of cerebroside lipids and progress in their biological activity from a biological evolutionary perspective. Int J Pharm Res 36(2):121–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen GN, Yu L, Zhang YY, Chang YG, Liu YY, Shen JJ, Xue CH (2021) Utilizing heterologously overexpressed endo-1,3-fucanase to investigate the structure of sulfated fucan from sea cucumber (Holothuria hilla). Carbohyd Polym 272:118480

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cui FX (2007) Study on the biochemical characterization of collagen and activity of collagen peptide extracted from the body wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Dissertation. Ocean University of China

    Google Scholar 

  • Cui FX, Xue CH, Li ZJ, Zhang YQ, Dong P, Fu XY, Gao X (2007) Characterization and subunit composition of collagen from the body wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Food Chem 100(3):1120–1125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dong P (2008) Isolation, identification, structural modification, and activity of saponin compounds from Pearsonothria graeffei. Dissertation. Ocean University of China

    Google Scholar 

  • Dong XP, Zhu BW, Sun LM, Zheng J, Jiang D, Zhou DY, Wu HT, Murata Y (2011) Changes of collagen in sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicas) during cooking. Food Sci Biotechnol 20(4):1137–1141

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Exposito JY, Valcourt U, Cluzel C, Lethias C (2010) The fibrillar collagen family. Int J Mol Sci 11(2):407–426

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feng JH, Zhang LN, Tang X, Xia XB, Hu W, Zhou P (2021) Season and geography induced variation in sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) nutritional composition and gut microbiota. J Food Compos Anal 101:103838

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feng JH, Zhang LN, Xia XB, Hu W, Zhou P (2020) Effect of geographic variation on the proteome of sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus). Food Res Int 136:109498

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fruton HRGS (1948) On the proteolytic enzymes of animal tissues: VIII. An intracellular enzyme related to chymotrypsin. J Biol Chem 174:851–858

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fu XY, Xue CH, Miao BC, Li ZJ, Yang WG, Wang DF (2005) Study of a highly alkaline protease extracted from digestive tract of sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus). Food Res Int 38:323–329

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo XK, Li AT, Han JR, Du YN, Guo TM, Yu CP, Tang Y, Wu HT (2017) Extraction and characterization of cathepsin D from sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) guts. Sci Technol Food Indus 38:135–139

    Google Scholar 

  • He WT, Sun HH, Su LJ, Zhou DJ, Zhang X, Shanggui D, Chen Y (2020) Structure and anticoagulant activity of a sulfated fucan from the sea cucumber Acaudina leucoprocta. Int J Biol Macromol 164:87–94

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Higuchi R, Inagaki M, Togawa K et al (1994a) Isolation and structure of three new cerebrosides, CE-2b, CE-2c, and CE-2d, from the sea cucumber Cucumaria echinata. Liebigs Annalen der Chemie 1:79–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Higuchi R, Inagaki M, Togawa K et al (1994b) Isolation and structure of cerebrosides from the sea cucumber Pentacta australis. Liebigs Annalen der Chemie 7:653–658

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda Y, Inagaki M, Yamada K et al (2009) Isolation and structure of galactocerebroside from the sea cucumber Bohadschia argus. Chem Pharm Bull 57(3):315–317

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isemura M, Zahn RK, Schmid K (1973) A new neuraminic acid derivative and three types of glycopeptides isolated from the cuvierian tubules of the sea cucumber Holothuria forskali. Biochem J 131:509–521

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ji XT, Wang L, Xue P, Nian YY, Zhou WR, Zhang YF, Zhang GL, Hou HM, Sun LM (2017) Characteristics of cathepsin K of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus and its effects on autolysis. J China Agri Univ 22:72–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Jia ZC, Li SY, Cong PX et al (2015) High throughput analysis of cerebrosides from the sea cucumber Pearsonothria graeffei by liquid chromatography–quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Oleo Sci 64(1):51–60

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaneko M, Kisa F, Yamada K et al (1999) Constituents of Holothuroidea, 8. Structure of neuritogenic active ganglioside from the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicas. Eur J Org Chem 11:46–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaneko M, Kisa F, Yamada K et al (2003) Structure of a new neuritogenic-active ganglioside from the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Eur J Org Chem 3:1004–1008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kariya Y, Mulloy B, Imai K, Tominaga A, Kaneko T, Asari A, Suzuki K, Masuda H, Kyogashima M, Ishii T (2004) Isolation and partial characterization of fucan sulfates from the body wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus and their ability to inhibit osteoclastogenesis. Carbohydr Res 339(7):1339–1346

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kisa F, Yamada K, Kaneko M et al (2005) Constituents of Holothuroidea, 14. Isolation and structure of new glucocerebroside molecular species from the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicas. Chem Pharm Bull 53(4):382–386

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kisa F, Yamada K, Miyamoto T et al (2006) Constituents of Holothuroidea, 17. Isolation and structure of biologically active monosialo-gangliosides from the sea cucumber Cucumaria echinata. Chem Pharm Bull 54(7):982–987

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kittiphattanabawon P, Benjakul S, Visessanguan W, Nagai T, Tanaka M (2005) Characterisation of acid-soluble collagen from skin and bone of big snapper (Priacanthus tayenus). Food Chem 89:363–372

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li DT, Chang YQ, Chen W, He YM, Li Y, Zhong L, Zhang YY, Pan W (2006a) Analysis of nutritive composition of body wall in wild Apostichopus japonicus Selenka at Zhangzi Island. J Dalian Ocean Univ 21(3):278–282

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li DT, Chang YQ, Wu ZH, Chen W, Wang JY, Chen GD (2006b) Analysis of nutritive composition of body wall in wild sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Selenka at Zhangzi Island in spring and autumn. Fisheries Sci 28(7):365–369

    Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Li M, Xu BJ et al (2021) The current status and future perspective in combination of the processing technologies of sulfated polysaccharides from sea cucumbers: a comprehensive review. J Funct Foods 87:104744

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Wang T, Shi HH et al (2022) Absorption, pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and excretion profiles of sea cucumber-derived sulfated sterols in mice. J Agr Food Chem 70:480–487

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu XF (2014a) Analysis of regional differences in nutrient composition of sea cucumber and its phospholipid activity. Ocean University of China, Dissertation

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu XF (2014b) Analysis of regional differences in nutritional components of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) and the activity evaluation of phospholipids. Ocean University of China, Dissertation

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu YX, Liu ZQ, Song L, Ma QR, Zhou DY, Zhu BW, Shahidi F (2019a) Effects of collagenase type I on the structural features of collagen fibres from sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) body wall. Food Chem 301:125302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu ZQ, Liu YX, Zhou DY, Liu XY, Dong XP, Li DM, Shahidi F (2019b) The role of matrix metalloprotease (MMP) to the autolysis of sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus). J Sci Food Agr 99:5752–5759

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Z, Oliveira AC, Su YC (2010) Purification and characterization of pepsin-solubilized collagen from skin and connective tissue of giant red sea cucumber (Parastichopus californicus). J Agric Food Chem 58(2):1270–1274

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu ZQ, Tuo FY, Song L, Liu YX, Dong XP, Li DM, Zhou DY, Shahidi F (2018) Action of trypsin on structural changes of collagen fibres from sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus). Food Chem 256:113–118

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu ZQ, Zhou DY, Liu YX, Liu XY, Liu Y, Liu B, Song L, Shahidi F (2020a) In vivo mechanism of action of matrix metalloprotease (MMP) in the autolysis of sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus). J Food Process Pres 44(4):e14383

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu ZQ, Zhou DY, Liu YX, Yu MM, Liu B, Song L, Dong XP, Qi H, Shahidi F (2020b) Inhibitory effect of natural metal ion chelators on the autolysis of sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) and its mechanism. Food Res Int 133:109205

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu YX, Zhou DY, Ma DD, Liu YF, Li DM, Dong XP, Tan MQ, Du M, Zhu BW (2016) Changes in collagenous tissue microstructures and distributions of cathepsin L in body wall of autolytic sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus). Food Chem 212:341–348

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu YX, Zhou DY, Ma DD, Liu ZQ, Liu YF, Song L, Dong XP, Li DM, Zhu BW, Konno K, Shahidi F (2017) Effects of endogenous cysteine proteinases on structures of collagen fibres from dermis of sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus). Food Chem 232:10–18

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lou QM (2011) Lipid analysis of several marine animals and study on the biological activity of EPA phospholipids in sea cucumbers. Dissertation. Ocean University of China

    Google Scholar 

  • Luo L, Wu MY, Xu L, Lian W, Xiang JY, Lu F, Gao N, Xiao C, Wang SM, Zhao JH (2013) Comparison of physicochemical characteristics and anticoagulant activities of polysaccharides from three sea cucumbers. Mar Drugs 11(2):399–417

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mou JJ, Li Q, Qi XH, Yang J (2018) Structural comparison, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate of three edible sea cucumbers. Carbohyd Polym 185:41–47

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mulloy B, Ribeiro AC, Alves AP, Vieira RP, Mourao PA (1994) Sulfated fucans from echinoderms have a regular tetrasaccharide repeating unit defined by specific patterns of sulfation at the 0-2 and 0-4 positions. J Biol Chem 269(35):22113–22123

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Musil D, Zucic D, Turk D, Engh RA, Mayr I, Huber R, Popovic T, Turk V, Towatari T, Katunuma N, Et A (1991) The refined 2.15 a X-ray crystal structure of human liver cathepsin B: the structural basis for its specificity. EMBO J 10:2321–2330

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Niu QF, Li GY, Li C, Li QY, Li J, Liu CJ, Pan L, Li SJ, Cai C, Hao JJ, Yu GL (2020) Two different fucosylated chondroitin sulfates: structural elucidation, stimulating hematopoiesis and immune-enhancing effects. Carbohyd Polym 230:115698

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ponomarenko LP, Kalinovsky AI, Moiseenko OP et al (2001) Free sterols from the holothurians Synapta maculata, Cladolabes bifurcatus and Cucumaria sp. Comp Biochem Physiol, Part B: Biochem Mol Biol 128(1):53–62

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qi H, Dong XP, Cong LN, Gao Y, Liu L, Mikiro T, Zhu BW (2007) Purification and characterization of a cysteine-like protease from the body wall of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Fish Physiol Biochem 33:181–188

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rawlings ND, Barrett AJ (2013) Chapter 559–introduction: serine peptidases and their clans. In: Rawlings ND, Salvesen G (eds) Handbook of proteolytic enzymes (third edition). Academic Press, London, pp 2491–2523

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Saito M, Kunisaki N, Urano N, Kimura S (2002) Collagen as the major edible component of sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus). J Food Sci 67:1319–1322

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheng WJ (2007) Extraction, separation and chemical composition analysis of polysaccharides from different sea cucumbers. Dissertation. Ocean University of China

    Google Scholar 

  • Siddiqui YD, Arief EM, Yusoff A, Suzina AH, Abdullah SY (2013) Isolation of pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) from crude collagen extracted from body wall of sea cucumber (Bohadschia spp.). J Pharm Pharm Sci 5:555–559

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun LM, Wang TT, Zhu BW, Niu HL, Zhang R, Hou HM, Zhang GL, Murata Y (2013) Effect of matrix metalloproteinase on autolysis of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Food Sci Biotechnol 22:1–3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun L, Zhu B, Wu H, Yu L, Zhou D, Dong X, Yang J, Li D, Ye W, Murata Y (2011) Purification and characterization of cathepsin B from the gut of the sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicas). Food Sci Biotechnol 20:919–925

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takagi T, Eaton CA, Ackman RG (1980) Distribution of fatty acids in lipids of the common Atlantic Sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 37:195–202

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tian M, Xue CH, Chang YG, Shen JJ, Zhang YY, Li ZJ, Wang YC (2020) Collagen fibrils of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) are heterotypic. Food Chem 316:126272

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trotter JA, Lyons-Levy G, Thurmond FA, Koobt TJ (1995) Covalent composition of collagen fibrils from the dermis of the sea cucumber, Cucumaria frondosa, a tissue with mutable mechanical properties. Comp Biochem Physiol 112A:463–478

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ustyuzhanina NE, Bilan MI, Dmitrenok AS, Borodina EY, Stonik VA, Nifantiev NE, Usov AI (2017) A highly regular fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from the sea cucumber Massinium magnum: structure and effects on coagulation. Carbohyd Polym 167:20–26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ustyuzhanina NE, Bilan MI, Dmitrenok AS, Nifantiev NE, Usov AI (2018) Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates from the sea cucumbers Holothuria tubulosa and Holothuria stellati. Carbohyd Polym 200:1–5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ustyuzhanina NE, Bilan MI, Dmitrenok AS, Shashkov AS, Kusaykin MI, Stonik VA, Usov AI (2016) Structure and biological activity of a fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from the sea cucumber Cucumaria japonica. Glycobiology 26:449–459

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ustyuzhanina NE, Bilan MI, Dmitrenok AS, Silchenko AS, Grebnev BB, Stonik VA, Usov AI (2020) Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates from the sea cucumbers Paracaudina chilensis and Holothuria hilla: structures and anticoagulant activity. Mar Drugs 18(11):540

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang J, Chang YG, Wu FX, Xu XQ, Xue CH (2018) Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate is covalently associated with collagen fibrils in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus body wall. Carbohydr Polym 186:439–444

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang XC, Cong PX, Chen QS et al (2020b) Characterizing the phospholipid composition of six edible sea cucumbers by NPLC-triple TOF-MS/MS. J Food Compos Anal 94:103626

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang YC, Tian M, Chang YG, Xue CH, Li ZJ (2020a) Investigation of structural proteins in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) body wall. Sci Rep 10(1):18744

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang XC, Wang XX, Cong PX et al (2021) Characterizing gangliosides in six sea cucumber species by HILIC–ESI-MS/MS. Food Chem 352:129379

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang YH, Wang C, Guo LP, Zhu CX, Lv ZH (2010) Analysis of the nutritional components in four kinds of Holothuroidea. Period Ocean Univ China 40(7):111–114

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu HL, Hu YQ, Shen JD, Cai QF, Liu GM, Su WJ, Cao MJ (2013a) Identification of a novel gelatinolytic metalloproteinase (GMP) in the body wall of sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) and its involvement in collagen degradation. Process Biochem 48:871–877

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu HT, Li DM, Zhu BW, Sun JJ, Zheng J, Wang FL, Konno K, Jiang X (2013b) Proteolysis of noncollagenous proteins in sea cucumber, Stichopus japonicus, body wall: characterisation and the effects of cysteine protease inhibitors. Food Chem 141:1287–1294

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu J (2011) Isolation and purification, structural analysis and bioactivity study of sea cucumber glucocerebroside. Dissertation. Ocean University of China

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu J, Guo S, Du L et al (2013) Isolation of cytotoxic glucoerebrosides and long-chain bases from sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa using high speed counter-current chromatography. J Oleo Sci 62(3):133–142

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xue DM (2006) Discussion on physical properties and processing of sea cucumbers. Dissertation. Ocean University of China

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamada K, Hamada A, Kisa F et al (2003) Constituents of Holothuroidea, 13. Structure of neuritogenic active ganglioside molecular species from the sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus. Chem Pharm Bull 51(1):46–52

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamada K, Harada Y, Miyamoto T et al (2000) Constituents of Holothuroidea, 9. Isolation and structure of a new ganglioside molecular species from the sea cucumber Holothuria pervicax. Chem Pharm Bull 48(1):157–159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamada K, Harada Y, Nagaregawa Y et al (1998) Constituents of Holothuroidea, 7. Isolation and structure of biologically active glycosphingolipids from the sea cucumber Holothuria pervicax. Eur J Org Chem 11:447–452

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamada K, Sasaki K, Harada Y et al (2002) Constituents of Holothuroidea. 12. Isolation and structure of glucocerebrosides from the sea cucumber Holothuria pervicax. Chem Pharm Bull 50(11):1467–1470

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamada K, Wada N, Hiroyuki Onaka H et al (2005) Constituents of Holothuroidea, 15. Isolation of anti-iso type regio-isomer on long chain base moiety of glucocerebroside from the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota. Chem Pharm Bull 53(7):788–791

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yan LJ, Jin TC, Chen YL, Zhan CL, Zhang LJ, Weng L, Liu GM, Cao MJ (2018) Characterization of a recombinant matrix metalloproteinase-2 from sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicas) and its application to prepare bioactive collagen hydrolysate. Process Biochem 72:63–70

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yan LJ, Zhan CL, Cai QF, Weng L, Du CH, Liu GM, Su WJ, Cao MJ (2014) Purification, characterization, cDNA cloning and in vitro expression of a serine proteinase from the intestinal tract of sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) with collagen degradation activity. J Agr Food Chem 62:4769–4777

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang WJ, Cai Y, Yin RH, Lin LS, Li ZK, Wu MY, Zhao JH (2018) Structural analysis and anticoagulant activities of two sulfated polysaccharides from the sea cucumber Holothuria coluber. Int J Biol Macromol 115:1055–1062

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang J, Wang YH, Jiang TF, Lv ZH (2015) Novel branch patterns and anticoagulant activity of glycosaminoglycan from sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Int J Biol Macromol 72:911–918

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yin LA (2009) Isolation, purification and biochemical properties of polysaccharides from different sea cucumbers. Dissertation. Ocean University of China

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin RH, Zhou LT, Gao N, Li Z, Zhao LY, Shang FN, Wu MY, Zhao JH (2018) Oligosaccharides from depolymerized fucosylated glycosaminoglycan: structures and minimum size for intrinsic factor Xase complex inhibition. J Biol Chem 293:14089–14099

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu JT (2013) Molecular species analysis and activity of the main sphingolipids in sea cucumbers. Dissertation. Ocean University of China

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu L, Ge L, Xue CH, Chang YG, Zhang CY, Xu XQ, Wang YC (2014b) Structural study of fucoidan from sea cucumber Acaudina molpadioides: a fucoidan containing novel tetrafucose repeating unit. Food Chem 142:197–200

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu L, Xue CH, Chang YG, Hu YF, Xu XQ, Ge L, Liu GC (2015) Structure and rheological characteristics of fucoidan from sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Food Chem 180:71–76

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu L, Xue CH, Chang YG, Xu XQ, Ge L, Liu GC, Wang YC (2014a) Structure elucidation of fucoidan composed of a novel tetrafucose repeating unit from sea cucumber Thelenota ananas. Food Chem 146:113–119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu L, Xue CH, Su W, Wang YC, Zhang CY, Chang YG (2012) Purification and characterization of fucoidan extracted from Cucumaria frondosa. Food Sci 33(19):83–87

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng BB, Zhang LY, Chen C et al (2020) Sea cucumber sterol alleviates the lipid accumulation in high-fat–fructose diet fed mice. J Agr Food Chem 68(36):9707–9717

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhong M, Chen T, Hu CQ, Ren CH (2015) Isolation and characterization of collagen from the body wall of sea cucumber Stichopus monotuberculatus. J Food Sci 80(4):C671–C679

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou DY, Chang XN, Bao SS, Song L, Zhu BW, Dong XP, Zong Y, Li DM, Zhang MM, Liu YX, Murata Y (2014) Purification and partial characterisation of a cathepsin L-like proteinase from sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) and its tissue distribution in body wall. Food Chem 158:192–199

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu BW, Dong XP, Zhou DY, Gao Y, Yang JF, Li DM, Zhao XK, Ren TT, Ye WX, Tan H, Wu HT, Yu CX (2012) Physicochemical properties and radical scavenging capacities of pepsin-solubilized collagen from sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Food Hydrocoll 28:182–188

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu B, Zhao L, Sun L, Li D, Murata Y, Yu L, Zhang L (2008) Purification and characterization of a cathepsin L-like enzyme from the body wall of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:1430–1437

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China

    Dayong Zhou

  2. National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, China

    Dayong Zhou

  3. College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, R.P. China

    Yanchao Wang, Jie Xu & Yaoguang Chang

  4. Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea

    Sang Moo Kim

  5. Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China

    Yaoguang Chang

Authors
  1. Dayong Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yanchao Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jie Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sang Moo Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yaoguang Chang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yaoguang Chang .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China

    Changhu Xue

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Zhou, D., Wang, Y., Xu, J., Kim, S.M., Chang, Y. (2023). Nutritional Components of Sea Cucumber and the Biochemical Characteristics of Autolytic Enzymes. In: Xue, C. (eds) Advances in Sea Cucumber Processing Technology and Product Development . Advances in Marine Bioprocesses and Bioproducts. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16512-2_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation