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Not So Normal Unhealthy Lean

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Abstract

Not all women who have a normal weight are healthy. There are three main types of unhealthy lean including metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW), normal weight with central obesity (NWCO), and normal weight obesity (NWO). These unhealthy lean individuals have an increased risk for cardiometabolic disease and mortality compared to healthy lean, but often, they are undiagnosed, since their body weight is considered “normal”. Some associations between age, sex, ethnicity, genetics, and lifestyle factors with unhealthy lean have been described. Lifestyle interventions including diet and exercise may help to improve the health of these individuals. However, there are many gaps in the past literature regarding etiology, pathophysiology, and interventions, because this is an understudied area. Furthermore, there is a lack of consensus regarding the definition of different types of unhealthy lean.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition and Hospitality Management, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA

    Nadeeja N. Wijayatunga

  2. Department of Functional Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain

    María Fernandez-del-Valle

  3. Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain

    María Fernandez-del-Valle

Authors
  1. Nadeeja N. Wijayatunga
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  2. María Fernandez-del-Valle
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nadeeja N. Wijayatunga .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA

    Jacalyn J. Robert-McComb

  2. Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA

    Mimi Zumwalt

  3. Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain

    Maria Fernandez-del-Valle

Chapter Review Questions

Chapter Review Questions

  1. 1.

    If a person has a normal BMI (normal weight) it,

    1. (a)

      Indicates good health always

    2. (b)

      Indicates no cardiovascular risk

    3. (c)

      Indicates no central obesity

    4. (d)

      Does not indicate good health always

  2. 2.

    Which of the following is a characteristic feature of metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW)?

    1. (a)

      Normal weight

    2. (b)

      Cardiometabolic risk factors

    3. (c)

      Overweight

    4. (d)

      Both a and b

  3. 3.

    Which of the following are characteristic features of normal weight obesity (NWO)? Mark all correct answers.

    1. (a)

      Normal weight

    2. (b)

      Cardiometabolic risk factors

    3. (c)

      Increased body fat percent

    4. (d)

      Obese BMI

  4. 4.

    Which of the following are characteristic features of normal weight central obesity (NWCO)? Mark all correct answers.

    1. (a)

      Low waist to hip ratio

    2. (b)

      High waist circumference

    3. (c)

      Normal weight

    4. (d)

      Increased visceral fat

  5. 5.

    Which of the following may be associated with increased risk of unhealthy lean?

    1. (a)

      Aging

    2. (b)

      Ethnicity

    3. (c)

      Low physical activity

    4. (d)

      All of the above

Answers

  1. 1.

    d

  2. 2.

    d

  3. 3.

    a, c

  4. 4.

    b, c, d

  5. 5.

    d

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Wijayatunga, N.N., Fernandez-del-Valle, M. (2023). Not So Normal Unhealthy Lean. In: Robert-McComb, J.J., Zumwalt, M., Fernandez-del-Valle, M. (eds) The Active Female. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15485-0_30

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