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Inclusive and Orthodox Masculinities: Multiplicity Versus Reification

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Macho Men in South African Gyms

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in Masculinity, Sport and Exercise ((PSMSE))

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Abstract

The meanings of masculinities remain contestable. Whereas some gym enthusiasts reflected on hybrid and orthodox inclusive masculinities (e.g., the embodied dad, metrosexual, fuck boy, good gay and bad gay), others were favorable to inclusive masculinities. By defining masculinities as an “energy,” the latter participants emphasized the inherent diversity, fluidity and homosocial markers of their masculine identities, irrespective of their sexual orientation.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    CR7 also represents Ronaldo’s commercial reach globally. His fragrance and underwear ranges, for example, are called “CR7 Cristiano Ronaldo”.

  2. 2.

    Emphasis added.

  3. 3.

    Bitter knowledge refers to knowledge that is imparted in educational contexts which imparts stereotypical views about homosexuality. If left unaddressed, it may exacerbate verbal, emotional and physical homophobia (Msibi, 2016).

  4. 4.

    A “bakkie” is an Afrikaans word for a light truck or pickup truck.

  5. 5.

    Boer is a Dutch word for farmer; “platteland” refers to a remote country or rural district.

  6. 6.

    Kipling lists the attributes associated with men’s humility, patience, perseverance, pride, and trustworthiness.

  7. 7.

    Emphasis added.

  8. 8.

    Boerboel Wear (2022) is a South African clothing brand aimed at primarily the Afrikaner male market. Drawing its inspiration from the “characteristics of the Boerboel, a South African dog breed, our camo and Kalahari ranges offer the perfect blend between reliability and intelligence”.

  9. 9.

    Title of Will & Grace, episode 3 (Herschlag, 2002).

  10. 10.

    I discuss Tom of Finland and his association with the gay clone in Chap. 5.

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  1. North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa

    Jacques Rothmann

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Rothmann, J. (2022). Inclusive and Orthodox Masculinities: Multiplicity Versus Reification. In: Macho Men in South African Gyms. Palgrave Studies in Masculinity, Sport and Exercise. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15440-9_3

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