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Functionalized Carbon Nanostructures for Wastewater Treatments

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Handbook of Functionalized Carbon Nanostructures

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Abstract

Pure water is of utmost importance for the human beings. Conversion of wastewater to drinking water become an effective strategy to produce fresh water. Advancements in the field of nanoscience have paved the way to utilize nanostructured materials for the purification of wastewater. Among the various nanomaterials used for the water purification, carbon nanomaterials have attracted great scientific interest in the recent past. The various carbon nanostructures used for the wastewater treatment are graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, etc. These nanostructures exhibit fascinating physicochemical properties such as large surface area to volume ratio, porous architecture, good adsorption/desorption capability, good chemical and electrochemical stabilities, good corrosion resistance, to name a few. The scarcity of pure water and its increasing demand made wastewater treatment technologies flourish in the recent past. There are different types of wastewater treatment technologies that were developed in the recent past such as photocatalysis, adsorption, desalination, etc. This chapter deals with the application of carbon nanostructures for the wastewater treatment by adopting various synthetic strategies.

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Abbreviations

2D:

Two-dimensional

3D:

Three-dimensional

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

AgNO3:

Silver nitrate

Al2O3:

Aluminum oxide

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

BiOCl:

Bismuth oxychloride

C60:

Fullerene

CBC:

Carboxymethyl cellulose

CNTs:

Carbon nanotubes

CQD:

Carbon quantum dot

CuFe2O4:

Copper iron oxide

CuO:

Copper oxide

CVD:

Chemical vapor deposition

DI:

De-ionized

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

EDS:

Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

EDTA:

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

g-C3N4:

Graphitic carbon nitride

GO:

Graphene oxide

GQD:

Graphene quantum dot

HOMO:

Highest occupied molecular orbital

HRTEM:

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy

LUMO:

Lowest occupied molecular orbital

MD:

Molecular dynamic

MWCNT:

Multiwalled carbon nanotube

NaCl:

Sodium chloride

NaOH:

Sodium hydroxide

NHE:

Normal hydrogen electrode

PBQ:

Parabenzoquinone

PTH:

10-phenylphenothiazine

PVDF:

Polyvinylidene fluoride

SAED:

Selected area electron diffraction

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

SWCNT:

Single-walled carbon nanotube

TDI:

Tolylene-2,4-diisocyanate

TiO2:

Titanium dioxide

UV-Vis:

Ultraviolet-visible

XPS:

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

ZnO:

Zinc oxide

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Government College for Women (Affiliated to University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

    Susmi Anna Thomas & Deepthi N. Rajendran

  2. Department of Engineering, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

    Jayesh Cherusseri

  3. Research Centre for Nano-Materials and Energy Technology (RCNMET), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

    Jayesh Cherusseri

  4. Department of Nanotechnology, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India

    Rimal Isaac

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  1. Susmi Anna Thomas
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  2. Jayesh Cherusseri
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  3. Deepthi N. Rajendran
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  4. Rimal Isaac
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Deepthi N. Rajendran .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Cairo, Egypt

    Ahmed Barhoum

  2. Chemical Processes and Biomaterials, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen 3, Czech Republic

    Kalim Deshmukh

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Thomas, S.A., Cherusseri, J., N. Rajendran, D., Isaac, R. (2024). Functionalized Carbon Nanostructures for Wastewater Treatments. In: Barhoum, A., Deshmukh, K. (eds) Handbook of Functionalized Carbon Nanostructures. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14955-9_77-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14955-9_77-1

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