Abstract
In the MENA region, women still get fewer opportunities than men in regard to facilities that help journalists improve their skills, as well as having less access in the hierarchies of the media and continue to be discriminated at large across the region’s newsrooms. Many female journalists continue to be treated differently and to be seen, by many men in position of editorial power, as not capable of producing work of as high a quality as men do. Furthermore, some news sources avoid giving information to female journalists because they do not believe in their journalistic abilities, especially when the woman mentions her name on the news. In this chapter, the authors explore gender imbalance in the region and how this affects the overall reach and quality of science journalism. Women practising journalism do so in the context in which they also face additional challenges and problems relating specifically to the activities they carry out when reporting STEM news. Overall, the empowerment of women in journalism in Arab countries still faces important challenges that range from lack of professional autonomy, limited access to sources, absence of appropriate training and education towards specialisation and lack of economic incentives. There are undoubtedly common issues that one can observe across the region in which issues such as culture and politics play a central role in shaping gender and participation in the gathering and production of science news in MENA.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Bibliography
Abdallah, H. (2021). Qatari women ‘outnumber men’ at local universities [News]. Doha News. Retrieved May 12, 2022, from https://www.dohanews.co/qatari-women-outnumber-men-at-local-universities/
Abdulrahman, A. (2008). Arab women journalists’ concerns and challenges: Realistic testimonies. Al-Arabi.
Abu Samra, N. (1995). Media performance obstacles of female Egyptian journalists. Assiut University.
Aljuaid, K. (2020). Media in Saudi Arabia: The challenge for female journalists. PhD Thesis, University of Bedfordshire.
Al-Malki, A., Kaufer, D., Ishizaki, S., & Dreher, K. (2012). Arab women in Arab news: Old stereotypes and new media. A&C Black.
Al-Mutairi, R. (2009). Job satisfaction among Saudi female journalists and influencing factors. Imam University.
Al-Rawi, A. K. (2010). Iraqi women journalists’ challenges and predicaments. Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, 3(3), 223–236.
Alzougool, B., AlMansour, J., & AlAjmi, M. (2021). Women leadership styles in the public sector in Kuwait: The perspective of their subordinates. Management Science Letters, 11(2), 465–472.
Amrane-Minne, D. D., & Abu-Haidar, F. (1999). Women and politics in Algeria from the War of Independence to our day. Research in African Literatures, 30(3), 62–77.
Anema, A., Freifeld, C. C., Druyts, E., Montaner, J. S. G., Hogg, R. S., & Brownstein, J. S. (2010). An assessment of global Internet-based HIV/AIDS media coverage: Implications for United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS’Global Media HIV/AIDS Initiative. International Journal of STD & AIDs, 21(1), 26–29.
AW. (2021). GCC sees women’s rights progress in wake of reforms. The Arab Weekly. https://thearabweekly.com/gcc-sees-womens-rights-progress-wake-reforms
Bebawi, S. (2016). Investigative Journalism in the Arab World: Issues and Challenges. Springer.
Byerly, C. (2016). Jordan: Towards Gender Balance in the Newsroom. In C. Byerly (Ed.), The Palgrave International Handbook of Women and Journalism. Palgrave Macmillan.
Çakır, S. (2007). Feminism and feminist history-writing in Turkey: The discovery of Ottoman feminism. Aspasia, 1(1), 61–83.
Charrad, M. (2001). States and women’s rights: The making of postcolonial Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco. University of California Press.
Cole, J. R. (1981). Feminism, class, and Islam in turn-of-the-century Egypt. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 13(4), 387–407.
El Saadawi, N., & Saʻdāwī, N. (2007). The hidden face of Eve: Women in the Arab world. Zed Books.
Fargues, P. (2005). Women in Arab countries: Challenging the patriarchal system? Reproductive Health Matters, 13(25), 43–48.
Golley, N. A. (2004). Is feminism relevant to Arab women? Third World Quarterly, 25(3), 521–536.
Gray, J. (2007). Black Mass: Apocalyptic religion and the death of Utopia. Macmillan.
Hamdan, J. M. (2011). Newspaper stories on HIV/AIDS in Jordan: A look into the Lexicon. International Journal of Arabic-English Studies (IJAES), 12.
Hasso, F. (2000). Modernity and gender in Arab accounts of the 1948 and 1967 defeats. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 32(4), 491–510.
Islam, S. I. (2017). Arab women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics fields: The way forward. World Journal of Education, 7(6), 12–20.
Kandiyoti, D. (1991). Women, Islam and the state (Vol. 105). Temple University Press.
Khamis, S. (2013). Gendering the Arab Spring: Arab women journalists/activists, ‘cyberfeminism,’ and the sociopolitical revolution. In C. Cynthia, S. Linda, & M. Lisa (Eds.), The Routledge companion to media & gender (pp. 583–594). Routledge.
Khan, M. A. I. A. A. (2019). Dynamics encouraging women towards embracing entrepreneurship: Case study of Mena countries. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 11(4), 379–389. https://pustaka-sarawak.com/eknowbase/attachments/1584599252.pdf
Kirat, M. (2018). The world of women public relations practitioners in Qatar. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 9(9), 81–94.
Koblitz, A. H. (2016). Life in the fast lane: Arab women in science and technology. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 36(2), 107–117.
Kuehn, T. (2011). Empire, Islam, and politics of difference: Ottoman rule in Yemen, 1849–1919. Brill.
Lewis, B. (2009). Free at last-the Arab world in the twenty-first century. Foreign Affairs, 88, 77.
Losurdo, D. (2014). Liberalism: A counter-history. Verso.
Lublinski, J., Reichert, I., Denis, A., Fleury, J., Labassi, O., & Spurk, C. (2014). Advances in African and Arab science journalism: Capacity building and new newsroom structures through digital peer-to-peer support. Ecquid Novi: African Journalism Studies, 35(2), 4–22.
Melki, J., & Hitti, E. (2021). The domestic tethering of Lebanese and Arab women journalists and news managers. Journalism Practice, 15(3), 288–307.
Melki, J., & Mallat, S. E. (2018). When Arab women (and men) speak: Struggles of women journalists in a gendered news industry. In Steiner L, Carter C, & S. Allan (Eds.), Journalism, Gender and Power (pp. 33–48). Routledge.
Melki, J. P., & Mallat, S. E. (2016). Block her entry, keep her down and push her out: Gender discrimination and women journalists in the Arab world. Journalism Studies, 17(1), 57–79.
Mellor, N. (2010). More than a parrot The case of Saudi women journalists. Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, 3(3), 207–222.
Mellor, N. (2011). Arab media: Globalization and emerging media industries (Vol. 1). Polity.
Mellor, N. (2019). The (in) visibility of Arab women in political journalism. In L. Steiner, C. Carter, & S. Allan (Eds.), Journalism, Gender and Power. Routledge.
Mikhail, A., & Philliou, C. M. (2012). The Ottoman empire and the imperial turn. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 54(4), 721–745.
Miller, K., Kyriazi, T., & Paris, C. M. (2017). Arab women employment in the UAE: Exploring opportunities, motivations and challenges. International Journal of Sustainable Society, 9(1), 20–40.
Miller, R. (2010). Britain. Ashgate Surrey.
Minces, J. (1982). The house of obedience: Women in Arab society. Palgrave Macmillan.
Mir-Hosseini, Z. (2006). Muslim women’s quest for equality: Between Islamic law and feminism. Critical Inquiry, 32(4), 629–645.
Moaddel, M. (1998). Religion and women: Islamic modernism versus fundamentalism. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 108–130.
Močnik, N. (2019). Occupying the Land, Grabbing the Body: The Female Body as a Disposable Place of Colonialization in Post-Ottoman Bosnia-Herzegovina. Southeastern Europe, 43(2), 93–110.
Moghadam, V. M. (2015). Women, work and family in the Arab region: Toward economic citizenship. DIFI Fam Res Proc, 7, 1–20.
Ng, A. (2021). Saudi Arabia sees a spike in women joining the workforce, Brookings study shows. CNBC News. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/29/saudi-arabia-sees-a-spike-in-women-joining-the-workforce-study-says.html
Ong, A. (1999). Muslim Feminism: Citizenship in the shelter of corporatist Islam. Citizenship Studies, 3(3), 355–371.
Paris, T. J. (2004). Britain, the Hashemites and Arab rule: The sherifian solution. Routledge.
Provence, M. (2011). Ottoman modernity, colonialism, and insurgency in the interwar Arab East. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 43(2), 205–225.
Quataert, D. (2005). The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922. Cambridge University Press.
Ross, K., & Carter, C. (2011). Women and news: A long and winding road. Media, Culture & Society, 33(8), 1148–1165.
Sakr, N., & De Burgh, H. (2005). The changing dynamics of Arab journalism. In Making journalists: Diverse models, global issues (pp. 142–157). Routledge.
Salem, R., & Yount, K. M. (2019). Structural accommodations of patriarchy: Women and workplace gender segregation in Qatar. Gender, Work & Organization, 26(4), 501–519.
Saviano, M., Nenci, L., & Caputo, F. (2017). The financial gap for women in the MENA region: A systemic perspective. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 32(3), 203–217.
Şentürk, R., & Bilal, M. S. (2020). Human rights in the Ottoman reform: Foundations, motivations and formations. İbn Haldun Üniversitesi Yayınları.
Skalli, L. (2006). Communicating gender in the public sphere: Women and information technologies in the MENA. Journal of Middle East Women’s Studies, 2(2), 35–59.
Sreberny, A. (2000). Television, gender, and democratization in the Middle East. De-Westernizing Media Studies, 63–78.
Stearns, P. (2015). Gender in world history. Routledge.
UNP. (2020). Women Empowerment in the KSA. https://www.my.gov.sa/wps/portal/snp/careaboutyou/womenempowering
Walker, R., & Clokie, T. (2013). Mentoring for the modern newsroom. The Age of Mobile News/Jeanz 2013 Conference. http://researcharchive.wintec.ac.nz/3007/
Zilfi, M. C. (1997). Women in the Ottoman Empire: Middle Eastern women in the early modern era (Vol. 10). Brill.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Alhuntushi, A., Lugo-Ocando, J. (2023). Gender and Science News in the Arab World. In: Science Journalism in the Arab World. Palgrave Studies in Journalism and the Global South. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14252-9_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14252-9_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-14251-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-14252-9
eBook Packages: Literature, Cultural and Media StudiesLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)