Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Toward Sustainable Innovation in Tourism: The Role of Cultural Heritage and Heritage Communities

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Cultural Leadership in Transition Tourism

Part of the book series: Contributions to Management Science ((MANAGEMENT SC.))

Abstract

This chapter provides a theoretical contribution investigating how the current notion of cultural heritage and the emerging role of heritage communities can trigger and lead sustainable innovation in tourism. After tracing the evolution of international conventions on cultural heritage since the Second World War, the research discusses the implications of the paradigm shift introduced by the Faro Convention (2005) for heritage and tourism management. The analysis focuses on the current extended concept of cultural heritage—open and inclusive, dynamic and relational—and on the involvement of heritage communities in heritage recognition, safeguard and enhancement. Ten years after the Faro Convention entered into force, the research results suggest that the international framework currently provided by UNESCO and the Council of Europe can help to design heritage-aware destinations and develop heritage-aware tourism. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this approach also opens up unprecedented potentialities for slow and proximity tourism.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/199/signatures?p_auth=dg2WfyCT (accessed June 13, 2022)

  2. 2.

    The scientific literature provides many methods and tools already experimented in Europe and beyond (Chirikure et al., 2010; Perkin, 2010; Huibin & Marzuki, 2012; Dragouni & Fouseki, 2018; Dragouni et al., 2018).

  3. 3.

    The term is becoming an obsession and a near-mandatory component to “feel good about the work we do” (Waterton & Smith, 2010, 8).

References

  • Albanesi, A. (2010). Le organizzazioni internazionali per la protezione del patrimonio culturale. In L. Casini (Ed.), La globalizzazione dei beni culturali (pp. 29–56). il Mulino.

    Google Scholar 

  • Battilani, P. (2017). Si fa presto a dire patrimonio culturale. Problemi e prospettive di un secolo di patrimonializzazione della cultura. Storia e Futuro. Rivista di storia e storiografia on line, 45, 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellini, N., Campostrini, S., Pasquinelli, C., & Trunfio M. (2020). “Ripartenza” o “rinascimento”? Le politiche del turismo oltre l’emergenza. Vision–The Post Covid Series. Accessed June 13, 2022, from https://www.thinktank.vision/images/2020/Paper_Turismo.pdf

  • Bollwerk, E. (2015). Co-Creation’s role in digital public archaeology. Advances in Archaeological Practice, 3, 223–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bortolotto, C. (2007). From the “monumental” to the “living” heritage: A shift in perspective. In R. White, & J. Carman (Eds.), World heritage: Global challenges, local solution. Proceedings of a conference at Coalbrookdale, 4–7 May 2006 hosted by the Ironbridge Institute (pp. 39–45). Archeopress.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bottesi, A. (2018). Patrimonio: incertezza di un concetto in mutazione (pp. 112–128). Archivio per l’Antropologia e la Etnologia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carmosino, C. (2013). La Convenzione quadro del Consiglio d’Europa sul valore del patrimonio culturale per la società. Aedon, 1. Accessed June 13, 2022, from http://www.aedon.mulino.it/archivio/2013/1/carmosino.htm

  • Cerquetti, M. (2015). Dal materiale all’immateriale. Verso un approccio sostenibile alla gestione nel contesto glocale. Il capitale culturale. Studies on the Value of Cultural Heritage, 2, 247–269.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cerquetti, M., & Ferrara, C. (2018). Marketing research for cultural heritage conservation and sustainability: Lessons from the field. Sustainability, 10(3), 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cerquetti, M., Nanni, C., & Vitale, C. (2019). Managing the landscape as a common good? Evidence from the case of “Mutonia” (Italy). Land Use Policy, 87, 1–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cerreta, M., & Giovene di Girasole, E. (2020). Towards heritage community assessment: Indicators proposal for the self-evaluation in Faro convention network process. Sustainability, 12, 1–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chirikure, S., Manyanga, M., Ndoro, W., & Pwiti, G. (2010). Unfulfilled promises? Heritage management and community participation at some of Africa’s cultural heritage sites. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 16(1-2: Heritage and Community Engagement: Collaboration or Contestation?), 30–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527250903441739

  • Consiglio, S., & Riitano, A. (2015). Sud innovation. Patrimonio culturale, innovazione sociale e nuova cittadinanza. Franco Angeli.

    Google Scholar 

  • Consiglio, S., & Zabatino, A. (2015). L’innovazione sociale per la rinascita del patrimonio dimenticato. In S. Consiglio & A. Riitano (Eds.), Sud innovation. Patrimonio Culturale, Innovazione Sociale e Nuova Cittadinanza (pp. 69–102). FrancoAngeli.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of Europe. (1969). Explanatory report to the European convention on the protection of the archeological heritage. Council of Europe Report.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of Europe. (1985). Explanatory Report to the Convention for the Protection of the Architectural Heritage of Europe. Council of Europe Report.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of Europe. (1992). Explanatory Report to the European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (Revised). Council of Europe Report.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of Europe. (2005a). 50 years of the European Cultural Convention. Council of Europe Report.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of Europe. (2005b). Explanatory Report to the Council of Europe Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society. Council of Europe Report.

    Google Scholar 

  • Covatta, L., & Cammelli, M. (2013). I beni e le attività culturali. In Per il governo del Paese. Proposte di politiche pubbliche (pp. 295–300). Passigli.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cunsolo, F. (2019). La Convenzione UNESCO del 2005 sulla protezione e promozione della diversità delle espressioni culturali. In E. Baroncini (Ed.), Il diritto internazionale e la protezione del patrimonio culturale mondiale (pp. 223–244). Dipartimento di scienze giuridiche dell’Università di Bologna.

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Alessandro, A. (2015). La Convenzione di Faro e il nuovo Action Plan del Consiglio d’Europa per la promozione di processi partecipativi. I casi di Marsiglia e Venezia. In L. Zagato & M. Vecco (Eds.), Citizens of Europe. Culture e diritti (pp. 77–92). Venezia. https://doi.org/10.14277/6969-052-5/SE-3-4

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Della Torre, S., Montella, M., & Sciullo, G. (2016). s.v. Paesaggio. In M. Montella (Ed.), Economia e gestione dell’eredità culturale. Dizionario metodico essenziale (pp. 60–63). Cedam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Directorate of Culture, Cultural and Natural Heritage. (2001). Report of the Secretary General on the 5th Session of the European Conference of Ministers responsible for Cultural Heritage (Portoroz, Slovenia, 6–7 April 2001). Accessed June 13, 2022, from https://rm.coe.int/16804e2402

  • Dolff-Bonekämper, G. (2009). The social and spatial frameworks of heritage–what is new in the Faro convention? In Heritage and beyond (pp. 69–83). Council of Europe Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dragouni, M., Fouseki, K., & Georgantzis, N. (2018). Community participation in heritage tourism planning: Is it too much to ask? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(5), 759–781. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1404606

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dragouni, M., & Fouseki, K. (2018). Drivers of community participation in heritage tourism planning: An empirical investigation. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 13(3), 237–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2017.1310214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duvelle, C. (2017). Aventuras y desventuras de una hermosa convención internacional. Revista Andaluza de Antropología, 12, 37–47. https://doi.org/10.12795/RAA.2017.12.02

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fairclough, G. (2009). New heritage frontiers. In Heritage and beyond (pp. 29–41). Council of Europe Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fairclough, G., Harrison, R., Jameson, J. H., & Schofield, J. (2008). The heritage reader. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Faircoulgh, G., Dragićević Šešić, M., Rogač Mijatović, L., Auclair, E., & Soini, K. (2015). The Faro convention, a new paradigm for socially–and culturally–sustainable heritage action? Култура/Culture, 8, 9–19, Accessed June 13, 2022, from https://journals.cultcenter.net/index.php/culture/article/view/111

  • Fojut, N. (2009). The philosophical, political and pragmatic roots of the convention. In Heritage and beyond (pp. 13–21). Council of Europe Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franch, M., & Peretta, R. (2020). Turismo, fragilità, emergenze. McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Francioni, F., & Lenzerini, F. (2008). The 1972 world heritage convention. A commentary. Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Galasso, G. (1991). Definire i beni culturali. Spunti e appunti. Economia della cultura, 1(1), 8–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golinelli, G. M. (Ed.). (2015). Cultural heritage and value creation. Towards new pathways. Cham.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greffe, X. (2009). Heritage conservation as a driving force for development. In Heritage and beyond (pp. 101–112). Council of Europe Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guermandi, M. P. (2018). La Convenzione di Faro: il difficile cammino di un altro concetto di patrimonio. IBC, 36(4). Accessed June 13, 2022, from http://rivista.ibc.regione.emilia-romagna.it/xw-201804/xw-201804-a0003

  • Harrison, R. (2013). Heritage. Critical approaches. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartog, F. (2020). Il patrimonio, una nozione per i tempi di crisi. il Mulino, 4, 571–585.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinich, N. (2009). La fabrique du patrimoine. De la cathédrale à la petite cuillère. Maison des Science de l’Homme.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huibin, X., & Marzuki, A. (2012). Community participation of cultural heritage tourism from innovation system perspective. International Journal of Services Technology and Management, 18(3/4), 105–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lattanzi, V. (2013). Towards a Museum of Possible Worlds. In S. Ferracuti, E. Frasca, & V. Lattanzi (Eds.), Beyond modernity: Do ethnographic museums need ethnography? (pp. 3–20). Espera.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lázaro Ortiz, S., & Jiménez de Madariaga, C. (2022). The UNESCO convention for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage: A critical analysis. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 28(3), 327–341. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2021.1941914

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loulanski, T. (2006). Revising the concept for cultural heritage: The argument for a functional approach. International Journal of Cultural Property, 13, 207–233. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0940739106060085

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montella, M. (2009). Valore e valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale storico. Electa-Mondadori.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montella, M. (2016). La Convenzione di Faro e la tradizione culturale italiana. In P. Feliciati (Ed.), La valorizzazione dell’eredità culturale in Italia, Atti del convegno di studi in occasione del 5° anno della rivista (Macerata, 5–6 novembre 2015) (pp. 13–17). Eum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montella, M., & Petraroia, P. (2016). s.v. Valorizzazione. In M. Montella (Ed.), Economia e gestione dell’eredità culturale. dizionario metodico essenziale (pp. 112–117). Cedam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Möller, K. (2019). Will they or won’t they? German heritage laws, public participation and the Faro convention. European Journal of Post-classical Archaeologies, 9, 199–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien, D. (2014). Cultural policy. Management, value and modernity in the creative industries. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavan-Woolfe, L. (2019). L’azione del Consiglio d’Europa in materia culturale dal 1954 alla Convenzione di Faro. In L. Pavan-Woolfe & S. Pinton (Eds.), Il valore del patrimonio culturale per la società e la comunità. La Convenzione del Consiglio d’Europa tra teoria e prassi (pp. 35–71). Linea edizioni.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pencarelli, T. (2020). Cultura e turismo: sfide per una nuova dialettica virtuosa nella prospettiva del wellness tourism. Il capitale culturale. Studies on the Value of Cultural Heritage. Supplementi, 11, 307–331. https://doi.org/10.13138/2039-2362/2537

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perkin, C. (2010). Beyond the rhetoric: Negotiating the politics and realising the potential of community-driven heritage engagement. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 6(1-2: Heritage and Community Engagement: Collaboration or Contestation?), 107–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527250903441812

  • Petraroia, P. (2010). Tutela e valorizzazione. In M. Montella & P. Dragoni (Eds.), Musei e valorizzazione dei beni culturali. Atti della Commissione per la definizione dei livelli minimi di qualità delle attività di valorizzazione (pp. 43–54). Clueb.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinton, S. (2019). La Convenzione di Faro: alcuni profili di diritto internazionale. In L. Pavan-Woolfe & S. Pinton (Eds.), Il valore del patrimonio culturale per la società e la comunità. La Convenzione del Consiglio d’Europa tra teoria e prassi (pp. 73–98). Linea edizioni.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poirrier, P. (2004). Les enjeux de l’histoire culturelle. Seuis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romagosa, F. (2020). The COVID-19 crisis: Opportunities for sustainable and proximity tourism. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 690–694. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1763447

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenstein, C. (2016). Understanding cultural policy. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saviano, M., Di Nauta, P., Montella, M. M., & Sciarelli, F. (2018). Managing protected areas as cultural landscapes: The case of the Alta Murgia National Park in Italy. Land Use Policy, 76, 290–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.03.052

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schofield, J. (2015). Forget about ‘heritage’: Place, ethics and the Faro convention. In T. Ireland & J. Schofield (Eds.), The ethics of cultural heritage (Ethical archaeologies: The politics of social justice) (Vol. 4, pp. 197–209). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1649-8_12

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Schofield, J. (2016). Heritage expertise and the everyday: Citizens and Authority in the Twenty-first Century. In Who needs experts? Counter-mapping cultural heritage (pp. 1–11). Routledge.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Senatore, G. (2013). Storia della sostenibilità. Dai limiti della crescita alla genesi dello sviluppo. Franco Angeli.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smargiassi, G. (2012). s.v. Carta europea. In Dizionario di Economia e Finanza Treccani. Accessed June 13, 2022, from https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/carta-europea_%28Dizionario-di-Economia-e-Finanza%29/

  • Smith, L. (2006). Uses of heritage. Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sokka, S., Badia, F., Kangas, A., & Donato, F. (2021). Governance of cultural heritage: Towards participatory approaches. European Journal of Cultural Management & Policy, 11(1), 4–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tasso, M. (2017). Participated planning of a heritage walk: A conscious involvement of the community. In S. Pinton & L. Zagato (Eds.), Cultural heritage. Scenarios 2015-2017 (pp. 745–757). Edizioni Ca’ Foscari. https://doi.org/10.14277/6969-052-5/SE-4-46

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Thérond, D. (2009). Benefits and innovations of the Council of Europe Framework Convention on the value of cultural heritage for society. In Heritage and beyond (pp. 9–11). Council of Europe Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Throsby, D. (2001). Economics and culture. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thurley, S. (2005). Into the future. Our strategy for 2005-2010. Conservation Bulletin, 49, 26–27. Accessed June 13, 2022, from https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/conservation-bulletin-49/cb-49/

  • UNESCO (2007). 10 clés pour la Convention sur la protection et la promotion de la diversité des expressions culturelles. Accessed June 13, 2022, from https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000149502_fre/PDF/149502fre.pdf.multi

  • Van der Auwera, S., & Schramme, A. (2011). Civil society action in the field of cultural heritage. A European Perspective. Heritage & Society, 4(1), 59–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Velthem, L. H., Kukawka, K., & Joanny, L. (2017). Museus, coleções etnográficas e a busca do diálogo intercultural. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas, 12(3), 735–748.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vecco, M. (2007). L’evoluzione del concetto di patrimonio culturale. FrancoAngeli.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vecco, M. (2010). A definition of cultural heritage: From the tangible to the intangible. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 11, 321–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vícha, O. (2014). The concept of the right to cultural heritage within the Faro convention. International and Comparative Law Review, 14(2), 25–40. https://doi.org/10.1515/iclr-2016-0049

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Volpe, G. (2019). Il bene nostro. Un impegno per il patrimonio culturale. Edipuglia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volpe, G. (2020). Un Faro per il patrimonio culturale nel post-Covid-19. Scienze del Territorio. Rivista di Studi Territorialisti, 194–202. https://doi.org/10.13128/sdt-12355

  • Waterton, E., & Smith, L. (2010). The recognition and misrecognition of community heritage. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 6(1-2: Heritage and Community Engagement: Collaboration or Contestation?), 4–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527250903441671

  • Zabatino, A. (2015). Storie di innovazione spontanea e necessaria. In S. Consiglio & A. Riitano (Eds.), Sud innovation. Patrimonio Culturale, Innovazione Sociale e Nuova Cittadinanza (pp. 25–68). FrancoAngeli.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zagato, L. (2008). La Convenzione sulla protezione del patrimonio intangibile. In L. Zagato (Ed.), Le identità culturali nei recenti strumenti UNESCO. Un approccio nuovo alla costruzione della pace? (pp. 27–70). Cedam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zagato, L. (2015). The notion of “heritage community” in the Council of Europe’s Faro convention. Its impact on the European legal framework. In Between imagined communities of practices: Participation, territory and the making of heritage (pp. 141–168). Göttingen University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy

    Mara Cerquetti

  2. Department of Political Sciences, Communication and International Relations, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy

    Annamaria Romagnoli

Authors
  1. Mara Cerquetti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Annamaria Romagnoli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mara Cerquetti .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Link Campus University, Rome, Italy

    Elena Borin

  2. University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy

    Mara Cerquetti

  3. Faculty of Humanities, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain

    Marta Crispí

  4. Faculty of Humanities, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain

    Judith Urbano

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Cerquetti, M., Romagnoli, A. (2022). Toward Sustainable Innovation in Tourism: The Role of Cultural Heritage and Heritage Communities. In: Borin, E., Cerquetti, M., Crispí, M., Urbano, J. (eds) Cultural Leadership in Transition Tourism. Contributions to Management Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14121-8_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation