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Supraspinale Reaktionen und spinale Reflexe

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Handbuch für Vibrationstraining und Vibrationstherapie

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Zusammenfassung

Wenn Vibrationen, die durch harmonische mechanische Schwingungen hervorgerufen werden, auf den gesamten menschlichen Körper oder einzelne Segmente und Strukturen einwirken, treten verschiedene kurz- und langfristige neuronale Veränderungen auf. Dieses Kapitel gibt einen Überblick über die Auswirkungen von Vibrationsreizen auf das zentrale Nervensystem. Zunächst wird die modulatorische Wirkung von Vibrationen auf der supraspinalen Ebene beschrieben, z. B. auf die Erregbarkeit der sensomotorischen Netzwerke sowie auf die intra- und interhemisphärischen kortikalen Prozesse. Die Auswirkungen auf die neuronale Leitung, die Aktivierungsschwellen der Motoneurone, die Fazilitation und die Inhibition werden ebenfalls beschrieben. Zweitens werden die hemmenden und fördernden Wirkungen von Vibrationen auf der spinalen Ebene untersucht, z. B. auf die Erregbarkeit des Alpha-Motoneuronenpools sowie auf die prä- und postsynaptische neuronale Übertragung. Zusammengenommen deuten die Ergebnisse von Experimenten am Menschen, bei denen fokale oder Ganzkörpervibrationen eingesetzt wurden, darauf hin, dass Vibrationen die akuten und chronischen neuromuskulären Reaktionen verstärken, die bei Übungen mit geringer Intensität erzielt werden, wie z. B. erhöhte Kraft und Leistung, verbesserte Mobilität und Flexibilität, Gleichgewicht und Haltungskontrolle. Diese Effekte lassen sich im Training und bei der Therapie strategisch nutzen und sind besonders für ältere Menschen und Patienten mit neuronalen Störungen von Vorteil.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Praxisklinik Rennbahn AG, Muttenz, Schweiz

    Ramona Ritzmann

  2. Sport and Exercise Science Research Centre, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, Großbritannien

    Katya Mileva

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  1. Ramona Ritzmann
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  2. Katya Mileva
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Correspondence to Ramona Ritzmann .

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  1. Institut für Luft- und Raumfahrtmedizin, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Köln, Deutschland

    Jörn Rittweger

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Ritzmann, R., Mileva, K. (2023). Supraspinale Reaktionen und spinale Reflexe. In: Rittweger, J. (eds) Handbuch für Vibrationstraining und Vibrationstherapie. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13621-4_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13621-4_8

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