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Air Transport System

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Resilience, Robustness, and Vulnerability of Transport Systems

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Abstract

Air transport system consists of airports, airlines, and ATC (Air Traffic Control) each characterized demand and capacity/supply component. The airport demand embraces users—air passengers, freight/cargo shipments, mail, and airline aircraft. The airport supply/capacity includes that of airside and landside area. The airline demand consists of users—air passengers, freight/cargo shipments, and mail. The airline supply/capacity is represented by the aircraft of different payload capacity and range performing flights to serve demand. The ATC demand consists of the airline flights taking place at and in the controlled airspace between airports. The supply/capacity of the ATC is provided by the ground, space, and on-board facilities and equipment considered in some way (ultimately) as some kind of infrastructure together with the controlled airspace. This chapter presents the main components and performances of the air transport system—airports, airlines, and ATC, disruptive events categorized as external and internal impacting the system’s planned/regular performances, models of the reliability, resilience, robustness, and vulnerability of airports and an air freight/cargo network based on the selected indicators of performances, and application of the proposed models to the case of two large airports impacted by the global epidemic/pandemic disease—COVID-19 and the case of an air freight/cargo network impacted by severe weather—heavy snowfall.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Only delays longer than 15 min are counted (FAA 2004).

  2. 2.

    In the push-based chains, the production rate is based on the forecasted/expected demand by customers/consignees. In the pull-based supply chains, the production rate is driven by the actual demand of customers/consignees. Technically, every strategy of a given supply chain is a hybrid of the above-mentioned two (http://smallbusiness.chron.com/push-vs-pull-supply-chain-strategy-77452.html/).

  3. 3.

    According to the usual classification, this snowstorm had the following characteristics: Intensity index category: 2–3; Snowfall rate (moderate to high): > 2.5–5 cm/h; Wind speed - strong (43–64 km/h) to gale force (65–90 km/h); The forward speed: slow to moderate (≈26 km/h) (Kocin and Uccellini, 2004; Zielinski, 2002).

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  1. University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

    Milan Janić

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Janić, M. (2022). Air Transport System. In: Resilience, Robustness, and Vulnerability of Transport Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13040-3_4

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