Abstract
Despite the strong revival of interest on youth political participation in the last decades, most studies center on the political participation of young adults in countries of the North, with very limited work on South European youth and on Greece. The overarching aim of the edited volume is to investigate different modes, patterns, and potential challenges or barriers of youth political participation in Greece by incorporating a multiple methods approach produced in the context of the EURYKA project. The Introductory chapter of the edited volume discusses the importance of the Greek case and provides a brief literature review on youth political participation within Greece and beyond. Moreover, youth political participation in Greece is examined under a comparative perspective based on selective findings derived from EURYKA’s reports. Finally, the Introductory chapter offers a critical discussion on the concept of political participation in general and on youth political participation, specifically. It also introduces the chapters of the edited volume. Through its contributors, the volume offers rigorous and in-depth examinations based on distinct methodological approaches namely, panel survey, biographical interviews, action organization analysis, and experimental survey as well as the micro, meso, and macro levels of analysis.
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Notes
- 1.
Results presented in this and all other chapters of this volume have been obtained within the project “Reinventing Democracy in Europe: Youth Doing Politics in Times of Increasing Inequalities” (EURYKA). This project was funded by the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 Programme (Grant Agreement no. 727025). More information for the project can be found at: https://unige.ch/sciences-societe/euryka/home/
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
- 5.
Also known as individualized actions, personalized politics, etc. (Bárta et al., 2021).
- 6.
For instance, reading political news or just being interested in politics is not sufficient for conceptualizing political participation.
- 7.
For example, activities commanded by law are not considered modes of political participation.
- 8.
For instance, activities conducted by politicians, civil servants, journalists, lobbyists etc., are not considered political participation.
- 9.
For example, if the activities are located in the sphere of government/state/politics or if the objectives of the activities include politics or the addressees are located in government/ state, then these can be considered as modes of political participation.
- 10.
For instance, citizens’ initiatives or neighborhood committees. It should be noted that nonprofessional, voluntary activities that do not meet the (d) rule, i.e. they are not located in the sphere or targeted at the sphere of government/state/politics but their main aim is to solve collective or community problems can be considered as modes of political participation.
- 11.
For instance, nonprofessional, voluntary activities that are not located in the sphere or targeted at the sphere of government/state/politics and do not aim to at solving collective or community problems but are placed in a political context can be considered as modes of political participation.
- 12.
For instance, buying specific products for supporting fair trade; e.g., nonprofessional, voluntary activities which do not aim to solve collective problems, are not placed in a political context or are not used to express political aims and intentions can be considered as modes of political participation if they are used by the participants in order to express specific political intentions and aims.
- 13.
Even across different European countries, there are different approaches or models to define youth, such as the “predominant European model” including 14 to 30 years of age, the “shortened youth age model” including 13 to 25 years of age, the “start-earlier-and-end-later youth age model” including 12 to 30 years of age, the “prolonged youth age model” including 12 to 35 years of age, the “youth age model comprising childhood” including 3 to 30 years of age and the “children and youth merged model” including 0 to 30 years of age (Perovic, 2016).
- 14.
The 2021 interdisciplinary conference on “Youth Resisting Dictatorship in Greece (1967–74) and beyond: Social Sciences and Humanities Perspectives” was organized by the University of Crete Research Center for the Humanities, the Social and Education Sciences, under the “Free your mind” (Youth Activism in Southern Europe in Times of Dictatorship) project in the context of the European Union’s EUROPE FOR CITIZENS programme (Project Number: 617561-CITIZ-1-2020-1-PT-CITIZ-REMEM, Grant Decision: Nr. 617561). See, https://fym.keme.uoc.gr/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/ConfProgramUCRC_19-20_11.pdf.
- 15.
During clashes on the anniversary of the student revolt of 17th November against the 1967–74 dictatorship.
- 16.
The centre—right New Democracy and the centre -left Panhellenic Socialist Movement.
- 17.
Greeks had to decide whether the government should accept (‘Yes’) or not (‘No’) the bailout conditions proposed jointly by the European Commission (EC), the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the European Central Bank (ECB)—also referred to as the Troika.
- 18.
- 19.
More information for the project can be found at: https://myplaceresearch.wordpress.com/
- 20.
More information for the project can be found at: https://www.younex.unige.ch/description.html.
- 21.
More information for the project can be found at: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/HPSE-CT-2002-00123.
- 22.
Except for political claims analysis and social media analysis, which have not been used by the contributors of this volume.
- 23.
Following the overall aim of this introductory chapter we have selected only youth organizations related with politics; in the specific WP additional types of youth organizations were explored such as economy/ work related organizations, charities and religious organizations, leisure organizations, etc.
- 24.
This is probably related with the high share of student groups in the country.
- 25.
Given the aim of this chapter we have selected only main activities related with politics, however in the specific WP additional main type activities were included such as basic/urgent needs (e.g. housing, food, health) activities, education (e.g. school tutoring, language lessons for migrants) activities, aid to vulnerable groups such as abuse/ violence victims activities, aid to juvenile/youth delinquents activities, humanitarian aid (incl. for refugees) activities, employment/job related activities, alternative consumption/ food sovereignty/green alternatives activities, etc.
- 26.
Following the overall aim of this introductory chapter we have selected only youth organizations’ aims which are evidently associated with politics; nevertheless in the specific WP additional aims were examined such as reduce poverty/hardship/economic exclusion, improve employment/working conditions, promote/facilitate health or inclusion of disabled, promote education, combat racism/sexism/ anti-Semitism, promote religion/ spiritual values, etc.
- 27.
It should be noted that we have selected means or ways mostly related with politics; however, in the specific WP additional ways were examined such as direct actions (sport/cultural activities, education, services), etc.
- 28.
The survey collected data in the nine participating countries on the general population (N ~ 9000) as well as oversamples (N ~ 18,000) of young people using quotas for age, gender, region, and education.
- 29.
Boycotting certain products for political or ethical reasons is slightly higher among Greek than Spanish young adults.
- 30.
Also in Poland.
- 31.
According to the report of the specific WP (EURYKA, 2019), it is likely that some conversations were missed due to additional local hashtags that were not tracked by research teams.
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Kalogeraki, S., Kousis, M. (2022). Youth Political Participation in Greece: A Comparative, Multiple Methods Perspective. In: Kalogeraki, S., Kousis, M. (eds) Youth Political Participation in Greece: A Multiple Methods Perspective. Palgrave Studies in Young People and Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09905-2_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09905-2_1
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