Candidate Biomarkers for Sarcopenia and Relationship with Nutrition

Papadopoulou, Sousana K.; Foivi, Kondyli-Sarika; Gavriela, Voulgaridou; Agathi, Pritsa

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07389-2_62

Sousana K. Papadopoulou^7,8,
Kondyli-Sarika Foivi⁵,
Voulgaridou Gavriela⁶ &
…
Pritsa Agathi⁵

Part of the book series: Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications ((BDMDA))

899 Accesses

Abstract

Sarcopenia, originated from the Greek “sarx” (flesh) and “penia” (loss), is mostly a geriatric syndrome, characterized by a progressive decrease of skeletal muscle mass and function. This chapter aims to define a set of biomarkers associated with nutrition that may be used to describe various processes of sarcopenia in different patients, allowing for individualized monitoring and enabling preventative and therapeutic methods. The prevalence of sarcopenia varies according to the characteristics and the living situation of the study population, the diagnostic criteria, and the method used to estimate muscle mass, strength, and physical performance. Several guidelines have been published in order to enhance the early detection, diagnosis, and management of sarcopenia. Furthermore, a variety of biomarkers have been investigated for their role on its early diagnosis. For this reason, a number of biomarkers of nutritional status, were investigated. Vitamin D is a key regulator of bone metabolism because of its role in the regulation of phosphate and calcium homeostasis. Elevated levels of uric acid, with antioxidant properties, may have a protective role against excessive radical-free species. Lower serum n-3 levels were significantly associated with a higher risk of sarcopenia; thus, n-3 FAs could have a protective effect on human muscle homeostasis. Adipose tissue secretes leptin and proinflammatory cytokines, which stimulate muscle catabolism, thus triggering a vicious cycle that leads more rapidly to physical disability and sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is associated with increased levels of CRP, IL-6, and sIL-6r. Serum proteins, such as: a) prealbumin, b) albumin, c) transferrin, and d) retinol-binding protein (RBP), can be used to detect malnutrition in the elderly. Creatinine is a reliable biomarker for muscle mass because of its easy accessibility and cost-effectiveness. Low concentration of IGF-1 is associated with skeletal muscle mass loss, which probably plays a crucial role in the development of sarcopenia. Therefore, there is increasing interest in dietary antioxidants and their effects on age-related losses of muscle mass and function. Due to the multifactorial genesis of sarcopenia, it is crucial to identify different biomarkers. In conclusion, nutrition is associated with muscle mass, strength, and function in older adults and has an important role in the prevention and management of sarcopenia.

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Abbreviations

BIA:: Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
BMI:: Body Mass Index
CAF:: C-terminal agrin fragment
CRP:: C-reactive Protein
DXA:: Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
EWGSOP:: European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People
GDF-15:: Growth-Differentiation Factor-15
IGF-1:: Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1
IL-8:: Interleukin 8
LBM:: Lean Body Mass
MPO:: Myeloperoxidase
mTOR:: Mechanistic target of rapamycin
PDGF-BB:: Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-bb
PUFA:: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid
sIL-6r:: Soluble Interleukin 6 Receptor alpha

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Authors and Affiliations

Department of Nutritional, Sciences & Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
Kondyli-Sarika Foivi & Pritsa Agathi
Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Sindos, Thessaloniki, Greece
Voulgaridou Gavriela
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences-Serres, Faculty of Physical Education, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
Sousana K. Papadopoulou
Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
Sousana K. Papadopoulou

Authors

Sousana K. Papadopoulou
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Kondyli-Sarika Foivi
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Voulgaridou Gavriela
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Pritsa Agathi
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Correspondence to Sousana K. Papadopoulou .

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School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
Vinood B. Patel
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
Victor R. Preedy

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Papadopoulou, S.K., Foivi, KS., Gavriela, V., Agathi, P. (2022). Candidate Biomarkers for Sarcopenia and Relationship with Nutrition. In: Patel, V.B., Preedy, V.R. (eds) Biomarkers in Nutrition . Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07389-2_62

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07389-2_62
Published: 15 October 2022
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-07388-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-07389-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences

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