Abstract
The increased worldwide prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, requiring different strategies for their prevention and management. A new focus is the reversal of diabetes dysbiosis, a disruption of gut microbiota homeostasis, which is closely related to elevated blood glucose levels and altered metabolic parameters. In this sense, a balanced diet plays a key role, and, particularly, probiotic and prebiotic have shown a promising role. This chapter explored current knowledge on the potential of probiotic and prebiotic to modulate glucose homeostasis. We showed that the consumption of probiotics and prebiotics is a promising strategy with a beneficial impact on gut microbiota and glycemic control. Furthermore, specific probiotic strains, such as L. acidophilus, L. casei strain Shirota, and B. lactis Bb12, have demonstrated the ability to improve parameters related to pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes. In addition, polyphenols are emerging as a new alternative in glycemic control through the production of short chain fat acids (SCFA) and decreased lipopolysaccharides (LPS) translocation that leads to metabolic endotoxemia. Finally, the ingestion of beneficial bacteria, and foods rich in fiber and polyphenols, or a combination of them, is a good strategy for the control of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes, but more studies are still needed, mainly clinical trials, for these strategies are improved and widely used.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aliasgharzadeh A, Dehghan P, Gargari BP, Asghari-Jafarabadi M (2015) Resistant dextrin, as a prebiotic, improves insulin resistance and inflammation in women with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled clinical trial. Br J Nutr 113(2):321–330. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114514003675
American Diabetes Association (ADA) (2020) 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of medical Care in Diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care 43(Suppl 1):S14–S31. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-S002
Andreasen AS, Larsen N, Pedersen-Skovsgaard T et al (2010) Effects of lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM on insulin sensitivity and the systemic inflammatory response in human subjects. Br J Nutr 104(12):1831–1838. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114510002874
Armougom F, Henry M, Vialettes B et al (2009) Monitoring bacterial community of human gut microbiota reveals an increase in lactobacillus in obese patients and methanogens in anorexic patients. PLoS One 4(9):e7125. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007125
Aura AM, Martin-Lopez P, O’Leary KA et al (2005) In vitro metabolism of anthocyanins by human gut microflora. Eur J Nutr 44(3):133–142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-004-0502-2
Bang SH, Hyun YJ, Shim J et al (2015) Metabolism of rutin and poncirin by human intestinal microbiota and cloning of their metabolizing α-L-rhamnosidase from Bifidobacterium dentium. J Microbiol Biotechnol 25(1):18–25. https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1404.04060
Bansal N (2015) Prediabetes diagnosis and treatment: a review. World J Diabetes 15(6):296–303. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v6.i2.296
Barengolts E (2013) Vitamin D and prebiotics may benefit the intestinal microbacteria and improve glucose homeostasis in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Endocr Pract 19(3):497–510. https://doi.org/10.4158/EP12263.RA
Barengolts E (2016) Gut microbiota, prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in management of obesity and prediabetes: review of randomized controlled trials. Endocr Pract 22(10):1224–1234. https://doi.org/10.4158/EP151157.RA
Barreto FM, Colado Simão AN, Morimoto HK, Batisti Lozovoy MA, Dichi I, Helena da Silva Miglioranza L (2014) Beneficial effects of Lactobacillus plantarum on glycemia and homocysteine levels in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. Nutrition 30(7–8):939–942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2013.12.004
Bartholome AL, Albin DM, Baker DH et al (2004) Supplementation of total parenteral nutrition with butyrate acutely increases structural aspects of intestinal adaptation after an 80% jejunoileal resection in neonatal piglets. J Parenter Enter Nutr 28(4):210–222. https://doi.org/10.1177/0148607104028004210
Baxter NT, Schmidt AW, Venkataraman A et al (2019) Dynamics of human gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in response to dietary interventions with three fermentable fibers. MBio 10(1):e02566–e02518. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02566-18
Belkaid Y, Hand T (2014) Role of the microbiota in immunity and inflammation. J Cell 157(1):121–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.011
Bianchi F, Duque ALRF, Saad SMI et al (2018) Gut microbiome approaches to treat obesity in humans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 103(3):1081–1094. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9570-8
Blaut M, Clavel T (2007) Metabolic diversity of the intestinal microbiota: implications for health and disease. Nutr J 137(3):751S–755S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/137.3.751S
Bowey E, Adlercreutz H, Rowland I (2003) Metabolism of isoflavones and lignans by the gut microflora: a study in germ-free and human flora associated rats. Food Chem Toxicol 41(5):631–636. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0278-6915(02)00324-1
Brahe LK, Le Chatelier E, Prifti E et al (2015) Dietary modulation of the gut microbiota--a randomised controlled trial in obese postmenopausal women. Br J Nutr 114(3):406–417. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515001786
Braune A, Blaut M (2016) Bacterial species involved in the conversion of dietary flavonoids in the human gut. Gut Microbes 7(3):216–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2016.1158395
Buchanan TA, Xiang AH, Peters RK et al (2002) Preservation of pancreatic beta-cell function and prevention of type 2 diabetes by pharmacological treatment of insulin resistance in high-risk hispanic women. J Diabetes 51(9):2796–2803. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.9.2796
Burcelin R, Serino M, Chabo C (2011) Gut microbiota and diabetes: from pathogenesis to therapeutic perspective. Acta Diabetol 48:257–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-011-0333-6
Cani PD, Amar J, Iglesias MA et al (2007) Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance. J Diabetes 56(7):1761–1772. https://doi.org/10.2337/db06-1491
Cardona F, Andrés-Lacueva C, Tulipani S et al (2013) Benefits of polyphenols on gut microbiota and implications in human health. J Nutr Biochem 24(8):1415–1422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.05.001
Cassidy A, Minihane AM (2017) The role of metabolism (and the microbiome) in defining the clinical efficacy of dietary flavonoids. Am J Clin Nutr 105(1):10–22. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.136051
Chiasson JL, Josse RG, Gomis R et al (2002) Acarbose for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the STOP-NIDDM randomised trial. Lancet 359(9323):2072–2077. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08905-5
Chiva-Blanch G, Visioli F (2012) Polyphenols and health: moving beyond antioxidants. J Berry Res 2:63–71. https://doi.org/10.3233/JBR-2012-028
Ciubotaru I, Green SJ, Kukreja S et al (2015) Significant differences in fecal microbiota are associated with various stages of glucose tolerance in African American male veterans. Transl Res 166(5):401–411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trsl.2015.06.015
Cui JF, Lian HY, Zhao CY et al (2017) Dietary fibers from fruits and vegetables and their health benefits via modulation of gut microbiota. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 18(5):1514–1532. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12489
Curtis PJ, Sampson M, Potter J et al (2002) Chronic ingestion of flavan-3-ols and isoflavones improves insulin sensitivity and lipoprotein status and attenuates estimated 10-year CVD risk in medicated postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes: a 1-year, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Diabetes Care 35(2):226–232. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-1443
Davis LMG, Martınez I, Walter J et al (2011) Barcoded pyrosequencing reveals that consumption of galactooligosaccharides results in a highly specific bifidogenic response in humans. PLoS One 6(9):e25200. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025200
Day AJ, Dupont MS, Ridley S et al (1998) Deglycosylation of flavonoid and isoflavonoid glycosides by human small intestine and liver β-glucosidase activity. FEBS Lett 436(1):71–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(98)01101-6
Day AJ, Canada FJ, Diaz JC et al (2000) Dietary flavonoid and isoflavone glycosides are hydrolysed by the lactase site of lactase phlorizin hydrolase. FEBS Lett 468(2–3):166–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01211-4
Dehghan P, Gargari BP, Jafar-abadi MA (2014) Oligofructose-enriched inulin improves some inflammatory markers and metabolic endotoxemia in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Nutrition 30(4):418–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2013.09.005
Del Rio D, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Spencer JP et al (2013) Dietary (poly)phenolics in human health: structures, bioavailability, and evidence of protective effects against chronic diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 18(14):1818–1892. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2012.4581
Depommier C, Everard A, Druart C et al (2019) Supplementation with Akkermansia muciniphila in overweight and obese human volunteers: a proof-of-concept exploratory study. Nat Med 25(7):1096–1103. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0495-2
Dhingra D, Michael M, Rajput H et al (2012) Dietary fiber in foods: a review. J Food Sci Technol 9(3):255–266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0365-5
Druart C, Alligier M, Salazar N (2014) Modulation of the gut microbiota by nutrients with prebiotic and probiotic properties. Adv Nutr 5(5):S624–S633. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.114.005835
Duda-Chodak A, Tarko T, Satora P et al (2015) Interaction of dietary compounds, especially polyphenols, with the intestinal microbiota: a review. Eur J Nutr 54(3):325–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-0852-y
Ejtahed HS, Mohtadi-Nia J, Homayouni-Rad A et al (2012) Probiotic yogurt improves antioxidant status in type 2 diabetic patients. Nutrition 28(5):539–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2011.08.013
Espín JC, González-Sarrías A, Tomás-Barberán FA et al (2017) The gut microbiota: a key factor in the therapeutic effects of (poly) phenols. Biochem Pharmacol 139:82–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2017.04.033
Faria A, Fernandes I, Norberto S et al (2014) Interplay between anthocyanins and gut microbiota. J Agric Food Chem 62(29):6898–6902. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf501808a
Flint HJ, Duncan SH, Scott KP et al (2015) Links between diet, gut microbiota composition and gut metabolism. Proc Nutr Soc 74(1):13–22. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665114001463
Franz MJ, Bantle JP, Beebe CA et al (2003) Evidence-based nutrition principles for the treatment and prevention of diabetes and related complications. Diabetes Care 26(Suppl1):S51–S61. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.2007.s51
Garcia AL, Otto B, Reich SC et al (2007) Arabinoxylan consumption decreases postprandial serum glucose, serum insulin and plasma total ghrelin response in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Eur J Nutr 61(3):334–341. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602525
Gargari BP, Dehghan P, Aliasgharzadeh A et al (2013) Effects of high performance inulin supplementation on glycemic control and antioxidant status in women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab J 37:140–148. pISSN 2233-6079 eISSN 2233-6087
Gargari BP, Namazi N, Khalili M et al (2015) Is there any place for resistant starch, as alimentary prebiotic, for patients with type 2 diabetes? Complement Ther Med 23(6):810–815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2015.09.005
Gee JM, DuPont MS, Day AJ et al (2000) Intestinal transport of quercetin glycosides in rats involves both deglycosylation and interaction with the hexose transport pathway. Nutr J 130(11):2765–2771. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/130.11.2765
Grassi D, Desideri G, Necozione S et al (2008) Blood pressure is reduced and insulin sensitivity increased in glucose-intolerant, hypertensive subjects after 15 days of consuming high-polyphenol dark chocolate. Nutr J 138(9):1671–1676. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/138.9.1671
Guglielmetti S, Fracassetti D, Taverniti V et al (2013) Differential modulation of human intestinal bifidobacterium populations after consumption of a wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) drink. J Agric Food Chem 61(34):8134–8140. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf402495k
Hara Y, Honda M (1990) The inhibition of alpha-amylase by tea polyphenols. Agr Biol Chem 54(88):1939–1945. https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1990.10870239
Hill C, Guarner F, Reid G et al (2014) Expert consensus document. The international scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 11:506–144. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2014.66
Hooper LV, Midtvedt T, Gordon JI (2002) How host-microbial interactions shape the nutrient environment of the mammalian intestine. Annu Rev Nutr 22:283–307. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.22.011602.092259
Huang J, Chen L, Xue B et al (2016) Different flavonoids can shape unique gut microbiota profile in vitro. J Food Sci 81(9):H2273–H2279. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.13411
Human - The Human Microbiome Project Consortium (2012) Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome. Nature 486(7402):207–214. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11234
Huttenhower C, Gevers D, Knight R et al (2012) Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome. Nature 486(7402):207–214. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11234
International Diabetes Federation (IDF) (2020) Diabetes Atlas, Nine Edition 2019. https://diabetesatlas.org/upload/resources/material/20200302_133351_IDFATLAS9e-final-web.pdf. Accessed 10 May 2020
Jayagopal V, Albertazzi P, Kilpatrick ES et al (2002) Beneficial effects of soy phytoestrogen intake in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 25(10):1709–1714. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.25.10.1709
Jumar A, Schmieder RE (2016) Cocoa flavanol cardiovascular effects beyond blood pressure reduction. J Clin Hypertens 18(4):352–358. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.12715
Kaur J (2014) A comprehensive review on metabolic syndrome. Cardiol Res Pract 2014:943162. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/943162
Kellow NJ, Coughlan MT, Savige GS et al (2014) Effect of dietary prebiotic supplementation on advanced glycation, insulin resistance and inflammatory biomarkers in adults with pre-diabetes: a study protocol for a double-blind placebo-controlled randomised crossover clinical trial. BMC Endocr Disord 14:55. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6823-14-55
Khalili L, Alipour B, Asghari Jafar-Abadi M et al (2019) The effects of lactobacillus casei on glycemic response, serum Sirtuin1 and fetuin-a levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled. Trial Iran Biomed J 23(1):68–77. https://doi.org/10.29252/.23.1.68
Kudolo GB (2001) The effect of 3-month ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on pancreatic beta-cell function in response to glucose loading in individuals with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Pharmacol 41(6):600–611. https://doi.org/10.1177/00912700122010483
Lacombe A, Tadepalli S, Hwang CA et al (2013) Phytochemicals in lowbush wild blueberry inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7 by damaging its cell membrane. Foodborne Pathog Dis 10(11):944–950. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2013.1504
Le Chatelier E, Nielsen T, Qin J et al (2013) Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers. Nature 500:541–546. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12506
Lee AH, Tan L, Hiramatsu N et al (2016) Plasma concentrations of coffee polyphenols and plasma biomarkers of diabetes risk in healthy Japanese women. Nutr Diabetes 6:e212. https://doi.org/10.1038/nutd.2016.19
Liu F, Li P, Chen M et al (2017) Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and Galactooligosaccharide (GOS) increase Bifidobacterium but reduce butyrate producing bacteria with adverse glycemic metabolism in healthy young population. Sci Rep 1:11789. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-10722-2
Lloyd-Price J, Abu-Ali G, Huttenhower C (2016) The healthy human microbiome. Genome Med 8(1):51. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-016-0307-y
Lozupone CA, Stombaugh JI, Gordon JI et al (2012) Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. Nature 489(7415):220–230. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11550
Lu XZ, Walker KZ, Muir JG et al (2004) Arabinoxylan fibre improves metabolic control in people with type II diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr 58(4):621–628. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601857
Ma G, Chen Y (2020) Polyphenol supplementation benefits human health via gut microbiota: a systematic review via meta-analysis. J Funct Foods 66:103829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2020.103829
Macfarlane GT, Macfarlane S (1997) Human colonic microbiota: ecology, physiology and metabolic potential of intestinal bacteria. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 222:3–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/00365521.1997.11720708
Madjd A, Taylor MA, Mousavi N et al (2016) Comparison of the effect of daily consumption of probiotic compared with low-fat conventional yogurt on weight loss in healthy obese women following an energy-restricted diet: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 103(2):323–329. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.120170
Manach C, Williamson G, Morand C et al (2005) Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. I. Review of 97 bioavailability studies 1–3. Am J Clin Nutr 81(suppl 1):230–242. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/81.1.230S
Marchesi JR, Adams DH, Fava F et al (2016) The gut microbiota and host health: a new clinical frontier. Gut 65(2):330–339. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309990
Marín L, Miguélez EM, Villar CJ et al (2015) Bioavailability of dietary polyphenols and gut microbiota metabolism: antimicrobial properties. Biomed Res Int 2015:905215. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/905215
Markowiak P, Slizewska K (2017) Effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and Synbiotics on human health. Nutrients 9(9):1021. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9091021
Martin MA, Goya L, Ramos S (2016) Antidiabetic actions of cocoa flavanols. Mol Nutr Food Res 60(8):1756–1769. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201500961
Martınez I, Kim J, Duffy PR et al (2010) Resistant starches types 2 and 4 have differential effects on the composition of the fecal microbiota in human subjects. PLoS One 5(11):e15046. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015046
Matos LN, Giorelli GV, Dias CB (2011) Correlation of anthropometric indicators for identifying insulin sensitivity and resistance. Sao Paulo Med J 129(1):30–35. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802011000100006
Medina-Vera I, Sanchez-Tapia M, Noriega-López L et al (2019) A dietary intervention with functional foods reduces metabolic endotoxaemia and attenuates biochemical abnormalities by modifying faecal microbiota in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab J 45(2):122–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabet.2018.09.004
Mohamadshahi M, Veissi M, Haidari F et al (2014) Effects of probiotic yogurt consumption on inflammatory biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes. Bioimpacts 4(2):83–88. https://doi.org/10.5681/bi.2014.007
Moore WE, Holdeman LV (1974) Human fecal flora: the normal flora of 20 Japanese-Hawaiians. J Appl Microbiol 27(5):961–979. PMCID: PMC380185
Moreno-Indias I, Sánchez-Alcoholado L, Pérez-Martínez P, Andrés-Lacueva C, Cardona F, Tinahones F, Queipo-Ortuño MI (2016) Red wine polyphenols modulate fecal microbiota and reduce markers of the metabolic syndrome in obese patients. Food Funct 7(4):1775–1787. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5fo00886g
Mosca A, Leclerc M, Hugot JP (2016) Gut microbiota diversity and human diseases: should we reintroduce key predators in our ecosystem? Front Microbiol 31(7):455. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00455
Murota K, Nakamura Y, Uehara M (2018) Flavonoid metabolism: the interaction of metabolites and gut microbiota. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 82(4):600–610. https://doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2018.1444467
Musso G, Gambino R, Cassader M (2011) Interactions between gut microbiota and host metabolism predisposing to obesity and diabetes. Annu Rev Med 62:361–380. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-012510-175505
Neyrinck AM, Haller D, Delzenne NM et al (2016) Microbiome and metabolic disorders related to obesity: which lessons to learn from experimental models? Trends Food Sci Technol 57(8):256–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2016.08.012
Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Kinross J et al (2012) Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions. Science 336(6086):1262–1267. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1223813
O’Hara AM, Shanahan F (2006) The gut flora as a forgotten organ. EMBO Rep 7(7):688–693. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400731
Oracz J, Nebesny E, Zyzelewicz D et al (2019) Bioavailability and metabolism of selected cocoa bioactive compounds: a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 60(12):1947–1985. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2019.1619160
Ostadrahimi A, Taghizadeh A, Mobasseri M et al (2015) Effect of probiotic fermented milk (kefir) on glycemic control and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Iran J Public Health 44(2):228–237. PMCID: PMC4401881
Ouwehand A, Derrien M, de Vos W et al (2005) Prebiotics and other microbial substrates for gut functionality. Curr Biol 16(2):212–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2005.01.007
Ozdal T, Sela DA, Xiao J et al (2016) The reciprocal interactions between polyphenols and gut microbiota and effects on bioaccessibility. Nutrients 8(2):78. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8020078
Pandey KR, Naik SR, Vakil BV et al (2015) Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics- a review. J Food Sci Technol 52(12):7577–7587. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-015-1921-1
Pang J, Zhang Z, Zheng TZ et al (2016) Green tea consumption and risk of cardiovascular and ischemic related diseases: a meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 202:967–974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.12.176
Parnell JA, Reimer RA (2009) Weight loss during oligofructose supplementation is associated with decreased ghrelin and increased peptide YY in overweight and obese adults. Am J Clin Nutr 89(6):1751–1759. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.27465
Pratley RE (2013) The early treatment of type 2 diabetes. Am J Med 126(9 Suppl 1):S2–S9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.06.007
Qin J, Li R, Raes J et al (2010) A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature 464(7285):59–65. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08821
Rajkumar H, Mahmood N, Kumar M et al (2014) Effect of probiotic (vsl#3) and omega-3 on lipid profile, insulin sensitivity, inflammatory markers, and gut colonization in overweight adults: a randomized, controlled trial. Mediators Inflamm 2014:348959. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/348959
Razmpoosh E, Javadi A, Ejtahed HS, Mirmiran P, Javadi M, Yousefinejad A (2019) The effect of probiotic supplementation on glycemic control and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebocontrolled trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr 13(1):175–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2018.08.008
Rebello CJ, Burton J, Heiman M (2015) Gastrointestinal microbiome modulator improves glucose tolerance in overweight and obese subjects: a randomized controlled pilot trial. J Diabetes Complicat 29(8):1272–1276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.08.023
Reichardt N, Vollmer M, Holtrop G et al (2018) Specific substrate-driven changes in human faecal microbiota composition contrast with functional redundancy in short-chain fatty acid production. ISME J 12(2):610–622. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2017.196
Reynolds A, Mann J, Cummings J et al (2019) Carbohydrate quality and human health: a series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Lancet 393(10170):434–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31809-9
Rezazadeh L, Gargari BP, Jafarabadi MA et al (2019) Effects of probiotic yogurt on glycemic indexes and endothelial dysfunction markers in patients with metabolic syndrome. Nutrition 62:162–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2018.12.011
Roberfroid M, Gibson GR, Hoyles L et al (2010) Prebiotic effects: metabolic and health benefits. Br J Nutr 104(Suppl 2):S1–S63. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114510003363
Roediger WE (1980) Role of anaerobic bacteria in the metabolic welfare of the colonic mucosa in man. Gut 21(9):793–798. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.21.9.793
Sabico S, Al-Mashharawi A, Al-Daghri NM et al (2017) Effects of a multi-strain probiotic supplement for 12 weeks in circulating endotoxin levels and cardiometabolic profiles of medication naïve type 2 diabetes M patients: a randomized clinical trial. J Transl Med 15:249. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-017-1354-x
Santino A, Scarano A, De Santis S et al (2017) Gut microbiota modulation and anti-inflammatory properties of dietary polyphenols in ibd: new and consolidated perspectives. Cur Pharm Des 23(16):2344–2351. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170207145420
Santos RMM, Lima DRA (2016) Coffee consumption, obesity and type 2 diabetes: a mini-review. Eur J Nutr 55(4):1345–1358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-016-1206-0
Sato J, Kanazawa A, Azuma K et al (2017) Probiotic reduces bacterial translocation in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomised controlled study. Sci Rep 7(1):12115. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-12535-9
Scalbert A, Williamson G (2000) Dietary intake and bioavailability of polyphenols. J Nutr 130(8S Suppl):2073S–2085S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/130.8.2073S
Scalbert A, Manach C, Morand C et al (2005) Dietary polyphenols and the prevention of diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 45(4):287–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/1040869059096
Schiffrin EJ, Thomas DR, Kumar VB et al (2007) Systemic inflammatory markers in older persons: the effect of oral nutritional supplementation with prebiotics. J Nutr Health Aging 11:475–479. PMID: 17985062
Selma M, Espín JC, Tomàs-Barberan FA (2009) Interaction between phenolics and gut microbiota: role in human health. J Agric Food Chem 57(15):6485–6501. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf902107d
Shen J, Obin MS, Zhao L (2013) The gut microbiota, obesity and insulin resistance. Mol Asp Med 34(1):39–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mam.2012.11.001
Slizewska K, Nowak A, Barczynska R et al (2013) Prebiotyki Definicja, włas’ciwos’ci i zastosowanie w przemys’le. Z˙ ywnos’ć Nauka Technologia Jakosc 1(86):5–20
Stefanakia C, Bacopouloua F, Michosb A (2018) The impact of probiotics’ administration on glycemic control, body composition, gut microbiome, mitochondria, and other hormonal signals in adolescents with prediabetes – a randomized, controlled trial study protocol. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2(11):55–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2018.06.002
Suau A, Bonnet R, Sutren M et al (1999) Direct analysis of genes encoding 16S rRNA from complex communities reveals many novel molecular species within the human gut. Appl Environ Microbiol 65(11):4799–4807. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.65.11.4799-4807.1999
Szulińska M, Łoniewski I, van Hemert S et al (2018) Dose-dependent effects of multispecies probiotic supplementation on the lipopolysaccharide (lps) level and cardiometabolic profile in obese postmenopausal women: a 12-week randomized. Clinical Trial Nutrients 10(6):773. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10060773
Tappenden KA, Drozdowski LA, Thomson ABR et al (1998) Short-chain fatty acid supplemented total parenteral nutrition alters intestinal structure, glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) mRNA and protein, and proglucagon mRNA abundance in normal rats. Am J Clin Nutr 68(1):118–125. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/68.1.118
Thursby E, Juge N (2017) Introduction to the human gut microbiota. Biochem J 474(11):1823–1836. https://doi.org/10.1042/BCJ20160510
Tilg H, Moschen AR (2014) Microbiota and diabetes: an evolving relationship. Gut 63(9):1513–1521. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2014-306928
Torres S, Fabersani E, Marquez A (2018) Adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic syndrome. The proactive role of probiotics. Eur J Nutr 58(1):27–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1790-2
Tsai YL, Lin TL, Chang CJ et al (2019) Probiotics, prebiotics and amelioration of diseases. J Biomed Sci 26(1):3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-018-0493-6
Tsui H, Winer S, Chan Y et al (2008) Islet glia, neurons, and beta cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1150:32–42. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1447.033
Turnbaugh PJ, Hamady M, Yatsunenko T et al (2009) A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins. Nature 457(7228):480–484. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07540
Unwin N, Shaw J, Zimmet P et al (2002) Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glycaemia: the current status on definition and intervention. Diabet Med 19(9):708–723. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00835.x
van Nood E, Vrieze A, Nieuwdorp M et al (2013) Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med 368(5):407–415. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1205037
Vulevic J, Drakoularakou A, Yaqoob P (2008) Modulation of the fecal microflora profile and immune function by a novel transgalactooligosaccharide mixture (B-GOS) in healthy elderly volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 88(5):1438–1446. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2008.26242
Vulevic J, Juric A, Tzortzis G et al (2013) A mixture of trans-galactooligosaccharides reduces markers of metabolic syndrome and modulates the fecal microbiota and immune function of overweight adults. Nutr 143(3):324–331. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.112.166132
Wang Y (2009) Prebiotics: present and future in food science and technology. Int Food Res J 42(1):8–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2008.09.001
Wang S, Xiao Y, Tian F et al (2020) Rational use of prebiotics for gut microbiota alterations: specific bacterial phylotypes and related mechanisms. J Funct Foods 66:103838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2020.103838
Williamson G (2013) Possible effects of dietary polyphenols on sugar absorption and digestion. Mol Nutr Food Res 57(1):48–57. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201200511
World Health Organization (WHO) (2018) Obesity and overweight. Fact sheet No 311. Geneva, Switzerland
Yang J, Martınez I, Walter J et al (2013) In vitro characterization of the impact of selected dietary fibers on fecal microbiota composition and short chain fatty acid production. Anaerobe 23:74–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.06.012
Yang J, Mao QX, Xu HX et al (2014) Tea consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis update. BMJ Open 4(7):e005632. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005632
Yang CS, Zhang J, Zhang J et al (2016) Mechanisms of body weight reduction and metabolic syndrome alleviation by tea. Mol Nutr Food Res 60(1):160–174. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201500428
Ziemer DC, Kolm P, Foster JK et al (2008) Random plasma glucose in serendipitous screening for glucose intolerance: screening for impaired glucose tolerance study 2. J Gen Intern Med 23(5):528–535. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-008-0524-1
Zmora N, Suez J, Elinav E (2019) You are what you eat: diet, health and the gut microbiota. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 16(1):35–56. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-018-0061-2
Zoetendal EG, Akkermans AD, De Vos WM (1998) Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of 16S rRNA from human fecal samples reveals stable and host-specific communities of active bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 64(10):3854–3859. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.64.10.3854-3859.1998
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ramos, F.M.M., Salgaço, M.K., Cesar, T., Sivieri, K. (2022). Impact of Probiotic and Prebiotic on Gut Microbiota in Pre-diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes. In: Dinda, B. (eds) Natural Products in Obesity and Diabetes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92196-5_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92196-5_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-92195-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-92196-5
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)