Abstract
The purpose of this contribution is to outline the irreducible, analytically non-zippable, and theoretical incompleteness and quasi-ness of complexity. The neglect of such properties or their approximation by using non-complex systemic concepts and properties should be regarded as a new form of reductionism absolutely ineffective in dealing with complexity. We present characteristic issues of complexity such as Multiple Systems whose components interact in multiple ways and play multiple interchangeable roles; logical openness when complete modeling is not possible in face of the continuous restructuring of complex systems; theoretical incompleteness intended as inexhaustible, incomplete multiplicity necessary for processes of emergence; and quasi-ness related to levels of instabilities, irregular alternations of collapse and recovery, when a system is not always a system, not always the same system, and not only a system. We mention approaches such as the Dynamic Usage of Models (DYSAM) and the use of clustering, properties of clusters and infra-clusters, and properties of such properties. Given the non-idealistic (for instance mesoscopic) characteristics appropriate to the representations of complexity, the new reductionism consists in the neglect of logical openness, incompleteness, quasi-ness, and multiplicities, that is, of the conceptual space of freedom for processes of emergence to occur.
In memory of Eliano Pessa
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Notes
- 1.
The uncertainty associated with the location of a particle, denoted by Δx, and associated with its momentum, denoted by Δp, are connected by the Heisenberg relationship Δx Δp ≥ h/4π, where h is Planck’s constant.
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Minati, G. (2022). Multiplicity, Logical Openness, Incompleteness, and Quasi-ness as Peculiar Non-reductionist Properties of Complexity. In: Wuppuluri, S., Stewart, I. (eds) From Electrons to Elephants and Elections. The Frontiers Collection. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92192-7_10
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