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Mechanical Properties of the Extracellular Matrix

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Handbook of the Extracellular Matrix

Abstract

The mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are of utmost importance in understanding the dynamic interplay between cells and their microenvironment in both health and disease. The ECM actively regulates cellular behavior, while cells continuously modulate the ECM properties, which are closely linked to its composition and architecture. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the major components of the ECM and their influence on mechanical properties. The two primary models used to study ECM are discussed here: endogenously generated ECM through in vitro culture of matrix-producing cells and ECM obtained from tissue decellularization. Furthermore, various techniques for characterizing ECM biomechanics at macro- and micro-scale are presented, including tensile and compression testing, atomic force microscopy, and rheometry. Lastly, ECM-cell interactions measurements are presented, highlighting key techniques such as hydrogel contraction assays and traction force microscopy.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities by grant number PID2021-128674OB-I00.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Héctor Sanz-Fraile & Jorge Otero

  2. CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

    Jorge Otero

  3. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain

    Jorge Otero

  4. Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Jorge Otero

Authors
  1. Héctor Sanz-Fraile
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  2. Jorge Otero
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Correspondence to Jorge Otero .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. 3B’s Research Group, University of Minho, Barco, Portugal

    Fatima Raquel Azevedo Maia

  2. 3B's Research Group, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal

    J. Miguel Oliveira

  3. Dept Polymer Engg, 3Bs Research Grp, University of Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal

    Rui L. Reis

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Sanz-Fraile, H., Otero, J. (2024). Mechanical Properties of the Extracellular Matrix. In: Maia, F.R.A., Oliveira, J.M., Reis, R.L. (eds) Handbook of the Extracellular Matrix. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92090-6_5-1

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